{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:52:48Z","timestamp":1762113168710},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 In order to clarify the possible role of immunological reaction in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm, the authors examined the prophylactic effect of the immunosuppressant agents FK-506 and cyclosporin A on chronic vasospasm in a canine two-hemorrhage model. While a mean constriction of the basilar artery to 81.0% \u00b1 4.0% (\u00b1 standard error of the mean) occurred on Day 2 and to 63.8% \u00b1 3.5% on Day 7 in the untreated group, constriction to 77.9% \u00b1 3.4% on Day 2 and 62.8% \u00b1 3.0% on Day 7 was demonstrated in the FK-506-treated group (difference not significant). This tendency was also noted in the cyclosporin A-treated group, with basilar artery constriction to 81.8% \u00b1 3.7% and 56.3% \u00b1 2.7%, respectively (difference not significant). The histological changes of the basilar artery, including corrugation of the elastic lamina, detachment of endothelial cells, and vacuolar formation in the smooth-muscle layer were not different in the two treated groups and the one control group. Since these immunosuppressant agents are known to inhibit the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2), the level of IL-2 was examined in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebral vasospasm. While interleukin-1 gradually increased in level as time passed, the level of IL-2 was consistently low during the course of the study, indicating less participation of IL-2 in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. This clinical observation matched the experimental results. The authors conclude that cell-mediated immunoreaction, initiated mainly by IL-2, plays little role in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.5.0710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]],"date-time":"2009-05-27T14:56:27Z","timestamp":1243436187000},"page":"710-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Failure of FK-506, a new immunosuppressant, to prevent cerebral vasospasm in a canine two-hemorrhage 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