{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:02:14Z","timestamp":1761058934177},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Intrastriatal implantation with dopaminergic or nondopaminergic tissue can elicit behavioral recovery in parkinsonian animals. Because in these animals, especially in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned monkeys, there are still considerable numbers of dopaminergic neurons left in the mesencephalon, implantation-induced trophic effects on host residual dopaminergic neurons have been suggested as a mechanism underlying the behavioral recovery. Gliosis around the graft is a universal finding in any implantation procedure and is probably mediated by interleukin-1 (IL-1); in addition, activated astrocytes secrete several neurotrophic factors <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Therefore, the authors postulated that trophic effects from IL-1-induced gliosis may be a \u201cfinal common pathway\u201d for recovery in parkinsonian animals after implantation.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Hemiparkinsonism was induced in rats by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine either directly into the substantia nigra or into the median forebrain bundle. The substantia nigra-lesioned rats showed complete depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra but sparing of those in the ventral tegmental area, whereas the median forebrain bundle-lesioned animals had depletion of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Polymer pellets containing either slow-released IL-1 alpha and beta or placebo pellets were implanted in the caudate nucleus on the lesioned side in both groups. The rats' rotational response to amphetamine was tested weekly for 8 weeks. Selective substantia nigra-lesioned rats with implantation of IL-1 pellets had a 45% reduction in amphetamine-induced rotation, whereas placebo-implanted substantia nigra-lesioned rats had a 14% reduction in rotation. In the median forebrain bundle-lesioned group, neither IL-1 nor placebo implantation elicited any effect on turning. Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein was markedly increased surrounding the IL-1 pellets compared to the placebo pellets. In the selective substantia nigra-lesioned rats with IL-1 pellets implanted in the caudate nucleus, a considerable number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-IR) fibers were observed in the medial and middle portions of the caudate nucleus. Fewer TH-IR fibers were seen in the rats with placebo-bearing pellets.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">These results suggest that neurotrophic activities mediated by IL-1 and reactive astrocytes might be a common path through which tissue trauma and some tissue transplants exert their beneficial effects in parkinsonian animals. 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