{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T05:55:00Z","timestamp":1769320500399,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Distortions of the magnetic field, such as those caused by susceptibility artifacts and peripheral magnetic field warping, can limit geometric precision in the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in stereotactic procedures. The authors have routinely found systematic error in MR stereotactic coordinates with a median of 4 mm compared to computerized tomography (CT) coordinates. This error may place critical neural structures in jeopardy in some procedures. A description is given of an image fusion technique that uses a chamfer matching algorithm; the advantages of MR imaging in anatomical definition are combined with the geometric precision of CT, while eliminating most of the anatomical spatial distortion of stereotactic MR imaging.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">A stereotactic radiosurgical case is presented in which the use of MR localization alone would have led to both irradiation of vital neural structures outside the desired target volume and underdose of the intended target volume. The image fusion approach allows for the use of MR imaging, combined with stereotactic CT, as a reliable localizing technique for stereotactic neurosurgery and radiosurgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.2.0271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,2]],"date-time":"2009-06-02T17:03:01Z","timestamp":1243962181000},"page":"271-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Magnetic resonance image\u2014directed stereotactic neurosurgery: use of image fusion with computerized tomography to enhance spatial accuracy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Eben","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanne M.","family":"Kooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"van Herk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Tarbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Mulkern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Holupka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","first-page":"659","volume-title":"Proc 5th Int Joint Conf on Artificial Intelligence.","author":"Barrow HG","year":"1977"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1109\/34.9107","volume":"10","author":"Borgefors G","year":"1988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Recogn Machine Intell"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-8909-2_8","volume":"39","author":"Bradford R","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Suppl)"},{"key":"b4","volume-title":"Algorithms for Minimization Without Derivatives.","author":"Brent RP","year":"1973"},{"key":"b5","first-page":"181","volume":"2","author":"Brown RA","year":"1981","journal-title":"AJNR"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1118\/1.596516","volume":"17","author":"Harpen MD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"b7","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Magnetic Resonance Annual 1988.","author":"Harris R","year":"1988"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199008000-00008"},{"key":"b9","first-page":"373","volume-title":"Neurosurgery Update II.","author":"Heilbrun MP","year":"1991"},{"key":"b10","first-page":"143","volume":"50","author":"Heilbrun MP","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Neurophysiol"},{"key":"b11","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Visualization in Biomedical Computing. 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