{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:49:18Z","timestamp":1791906558035,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The authors evaluated the effectiveness of microsurgical C-2 ganglionectomy in 39 patients with medically refractory chronic occipital pain. In this procedure the neurons transmitting sensory inputs from the occiput are removed and, unlike peripheral nerve ablation, axonal regeneration is not possible.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The patients in this series had symptoms for 1 to 43 years. In 22 patients the occipital pain was caused by trauma; in 17 patients the pain was spontaneous. Pain relief failed in 17 patients who had undergone a previous occipital neurectomy or C-2 rhizolysis. Twenty-three patients experienced pain that was described as shocklike, electric, shooting, jabbing, stabbing, sharp, or exploding (Group I). Eight patients described their pain as dull, pounding, aching, throbbing, or pressurelike (Group II). The patients underwent unilateral or bilateral C-2 open microsurgical ganglionectomies.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 19 to 48 months. Nineteen patients experienced an excellent result (&gt; 90% reduction in pain). Pain caused by trauma or that described using Group I terms responded best to ganglionectomy (80% good or excellent response). In contrast, the majority of the patients with nontraumatic pain or those described using Group II descriptors did not achieve favorable results.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> The authors conclude that: 1) patients who suffer from chronic occipital pain after having sustained injury obtain worthwhile benefit from microsurgical C-2 ganglionectomy; 2) patients suffering from migraine, tension, and vascular headaches involving the occipital area are most often not helped by this operation; and 3) terms such as \u201cshock,\u201d \u201celectric,\u201d \u201cshooting,\u201d \u201cjabbing,\u201d and \u201csharp\u201d used to describe occipital pain predict a favorable pain outcome following a C-2 ganglionectomy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.3.0359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T02:14:54Z","timestamp":1245118494000},"page":"359-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Microsurgical C-2 ganglionectomy for chronic intractable occipital pain"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Andres M.","family":"Lozano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Vanderlinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Bachoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rothbart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","first-page":"167","volume":"17","author":"Bogduk N","year":"1981","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neurol"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1992.hed3204175.x","volume":"32","author":"Bovim G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.6.1170"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197905000-00012","volume":"4","author":"Coggeshall RE","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/98.1.157"},{"key":"b6","first-page":"417","volume-title":"Toward a New Pharmacotherapy of Pain.","author":"Devor M","year":"1991"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90067-L","volume":"48","author":"Devor M","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.82.4.0581"},{"key":"b9","first-page":"127","volume":"310","author":"Ehni G","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.5.0961"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1041078","volume":"14","author":"Elliott KJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30191-9","volume":"10","author":"Evans RW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1992.1201009.x","volume":"12","author":"Gawel MJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198610000-00017","volume":"19","author":"Graff-Radford SB","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"b15","first-page":"258","volume":"15","author":"Hammond SR","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Exp Neurol"},{"key":"b16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1984.0403167.x"},{"key":"b17","first-page":"123","volume":"9","author":"Jansen J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780340214"},{"key":"b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100036076","volume":"13","author":"Keith WS","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1961.18.5.0605"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00596516"},{"key":"b22","first-page":"1729","volume-title":"Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery.","author":"Lozano AM","year":"1998"},{"key":"b23","first-page":"407A","volume":"80","author":"Lozano AM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"b24","first-page":"483","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Pain.","author":"Ochoa JL","year":"1994"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1991.1103155.x","volume":"11","author":"Poletti CE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199008000-00019"},{"key":"b27","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Toward a New Pharmacotherapy of Pain.","author":"Portenoy RK","year":"1991"},{"key":"b28","first-page":"85","volume":"71","author":"Scott M","year":"1968","journal-title":"Penn Med"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.78.4.0669"},{"key":"b30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1987.hed2710552.x"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199206001-00002","volume":"17","author":"Star MJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"b32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01808620"},{"key":"b33","unstructured":"White JC, Sweet WH:Pain and the Neurosurgeon: A Forty Year Experience.Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, 1969, pp 338\u2013343"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/3\/article-p359.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/3\/article-p359.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/3\/article-p359.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T03:30:01Z","timestamp":1653708601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/3\/article-p359.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1998.89.3.0359","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9]]}}}