{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:29:59Z","timestamp":1783344599801,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Prominent features of moyamoya disease are intimal thickening of the cerebral arterial trunks and abundant angiogenesis for collateral blood supplies, but its pathogenesis is still unknown. The aim of this study was to test the possibility that transforming growth factor\u2014\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> (TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) may play a role in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The authors used reverse transcription\u2014polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression level of TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in smooth-muscle cells cultured from the superficial temporal arteries (STAs) and measured the serum level of TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although the STA is not predominantly involved with moyamoya disease, it has been used in studies of the pathogenesis of this disease. In this report, the STAs from six patients with moyamoya disease and four with arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, along with sera from 14 patients with moyamoya disease and 10 normal healthy volunteers, were studied. The expression of TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was significantly higher in cultured smooth-muscle cells derived from the STAs of patients with moyamoya disease than in those derived from the STAs of patients with arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (p &lt; 0.05). The serum level of TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> was also significantly higher in patients with moyamoya disease than in controls (p &lt; 0.0005).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Taking into account the functional roles of TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in the expression of connective tissue genes and angiogenesis, these investigators suggest that TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> is associated with the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease, including abundant neovascularization, although their findings do not necessarily mean that TGF\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> is a causative factor in this disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.4.0623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T02:18:01Z","timestamp":1245118681000},"page":"623-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Role of transforming growth factor\u2014\u03b21 in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Masato","family":"Hojo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Hoshimaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waro","family":"Taki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Asahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuki","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Ishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04530.x","volume":"5","author":"Abraham JA","year":"1986","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041540210"},{"key":"b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041470202"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1750","volume":"27","author":"Aoyagi M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b5","first-page":"167","volume":"123","author":"Chopra V","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041550119","volume":"155","author":"Davidson JM","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/316701a0","volume":"316","author":"Derynck R","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2432664"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0195-74","volume":"1","author":"Grainger DJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"b10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199209000-00002"},{"key":"b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.4.1518","volume":"93","author":"Hoshimaru M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.2.0267"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.11.1358","volume":"22","author":"Ikeda E","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(95)90156-6","volume":"89","author":"Ito N","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36924-7","volume":"269","author":"Lawrence R","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"b16","first-page":"521","volume":"41","author":"Li B","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.256","volume":"66","author":"Luqmani YA","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.12.1960","volume":"24","author":"Masuda J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"b19","first-page":"464","volume":"114","author":"Mii S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10759","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.22.10759","volume":"90","author":"Nabel EG","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4939","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.18.4939","volume":"20","author":"Nakayama H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116027","volume":"90","author":"Nikol S","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"b23","first-page":"1041","volume":"147","author":"Rasmussen LM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(93)18035-B","volume":"218","author":"Scheuermann RH","year":"1993","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940501)73:9<2275::AID-CNCR2820730907>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"73","author":"Shirai Y","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199704000-00012","volume":"56","author":"Stiles JD","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"b27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199407000-00003"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)00337-1","volume":"45","author":"Suzuki S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"b30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90416-I"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5710","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.15.5710","volume":"87","author":"Takahashi JA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(91)91939-A","volume":"177","author":"Takahashi JA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.7.2485","volume":"13","author":"Tso JY","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(92)90201-L","volume":"1137","author":"Ueki N","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"b35","first-page":"372","volume":"144","author":"Verbeek MM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(94)90212-7","volume":"15","author":"Wang L","year":"1994","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.2495","volume":"204","author":"Xin X","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"b38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.1.0109"},{"key":"b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910620405","volume":"62","author":"Yamada N","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"b40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.12.2160"},{"key":"b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(93)90549-W","volume":"240","author":"Yue TL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3295","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V86.9.3295.bloodjournal8693295","volume":"86","author":"Zhou LJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/4\/article-p623.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/4\/article-p623.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/4\/article-p623.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,28]],"date-time":"2022-05-28T03:29:29Z","timestamp":1653708569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/89\/4\/article-p623.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1998.89.4.0623","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,10]]}}}