{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:08:09Z","timestamp":1791353289669,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of elevated (\u2265 75%) jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and its relationship to cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic parameters and to outcome after severe head injury.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Data from 450 severely head injured patients admitted to the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Ben Taub General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was measured in blood obtained from indwelling jugular bulb catheters. Patients were classified into the following categories: high (Group I), normal (Group II), or low SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (Group III) if their mean SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> over the duration of monitoring was 75% or higher, 74 to 56%, or 55% or lower, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">A high SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> occurred in 19.1% of patients. There was no consistent relationship between SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and simultaneous cerebral blood flow (CBF) or cerebral perfusion pressure measurements. Compared with Groups II and III, the patients in Group I had a significantly higher CBF and lower cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). In Group I, the outcomes were death or persistent vegetative state in 48.8% of patients and severe disability in 25.6%. These outcomes were significantly worse than for patients in Group II. Within Group I, the patients with a poor neurological outcome were older and more likely to have suffered a focal head injury; they demonstrated a lower CMRO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and a greater rate of cerebral lactate production than the patients who attained a favorable outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Posttraumatic elevation of SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is common but cannot be automatically equated with hyperemia. Instead, elevated SjvO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is a heterogeneous condition that is associated with poor outcome after head injury and may carry important implications for the management of comatose patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1242235590000},"page":"9-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Elevated jugular venous oxygen saturation after severe head injury"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Cormio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex B.","family":"Valadka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia S.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199607000-00006","article-title":"Conventional multimodality monitoring and failure to detect ischemic cerebral blood flow.","volume":"8","author":"Andrews","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0685","article-title":"Cerebral circulation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury: the elusive role of ischemia.","volume":"75","author":"Bouma","year":"1991"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.3.0360","article-title":"Ultra-early evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured patients using xenon-enhanced computerized tomography.","volume":"77","author":"Bouma","year":"1992"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.77.1.0055","article-title":"The effect of changes in cerebral perfusion pressure upon middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation after severe brain injury.","volume":"77","author":"Chan","year":"1992"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.2.183","article-title":"Effects of hypoxia and normocarbia on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in conscious man.","volume":"23","author":"Cohen","year":"1967"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","first-page":"172","article-title":"Treatment of intracranial hypertension in acute head injury with special reference to the role of hyperventilation and sedation with barbiturates: a review.","volume":"9","author":"Cold","year":"1992"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.3.833","article-title":"Defining hypoxia: a systems view of VO2, glycolysis, energetics, and intracellular PO2.","volume":"68","author":"Connett","year":"1990"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199606000-00013","article-title":"Relationship between early patterns of cerebral extraction of oxygen and outcome from severe acute traumatic brain swelling: cerebral ischemia or cerebral viability?","volume":"24","author":"Cruz","year":"1996"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.717","article-title":"Jugular venous desaturation and outcome after head injury.","volume":"57","author":"Gopinath","year":"1994"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.2.0176","article-title":"Relationship of early cerebral blood flow and metabolism to outcome in acute head injury.","volume":"72","author":"Jaggi","year":"1990"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"480","article-title":"Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. 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