{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T02:36:05Z","timestamp":1779244565392,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The pathogenesis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection is characterized by staphylococcal adhesion to the polymeric surface of the shunt catheter. Proteins from the CSF\u2014fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen\u2014are adsorbed to the surface of the catheter immediately after insertion. These proteins can interfere with the biological systems of the host and mediate staphylococcal adhesion to the surface of the catheter. In the present study, the presence of fibronectin, vitronectin, and fibrinogen on CSF shunts and temporary ventricular drainage catheters is shown. The presence of fragments of fibrinogen is also examined.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The authors used the following methods: binding radiolabeled antibodies to the catheter surface, immunoblotting of catheter eluates, and scanning force microscopy of immunogold bound to the catheter surface. The immunoblot showed that vitronectin was adsorbed in its native form and that fibronectin was degraded into small fragments. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the level of vitronectin in CSF increased in patients with an impaired CSF\u2014blood barrier. To study complement activation, an antibody that recognizes the neoepitope of activated complement factor C9 was used. The presence of activated complement factor C9 was shown on both temporary catheters and shunts.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Activation of complement close to the surface of an inserted catheter could contribute to the pathogenesis of CSF shunt infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1242235590000},"page":"101-108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Presence of vitronectin and activated complement factor C9 on ventriculoperitoneal shunts and temporary ventricular drainage catheters"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dai-Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Falkenback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Lea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Siesj\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohdan J.","family":"Kudryk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas O.","family":"Tegenfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadahiro","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Ljungh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Hydrocephalus Shunt Infections.","first-page":"160","author":"Bayston","year":"1989"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Complement Inflamm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000463091","article-title":"Cell surface proteins reacting with activated complement components.","volume":"6","author":"Becherer","year":"1989"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115259","article-title":"Fibrinogen acts as a bridging molecule in the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to cultured human endothelial cells.","volume":"87","author":"Cheung","year":"1991"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"The Complement System.","first-page":"262","article-title":"The receptors","author":"Dierich","year":"1987"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Biol Chem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42338-6","article-title":"Binding of recombinant fibrinogen mutants to platelets.","volume":"269","author":"Farrell","year":"1994"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Annu Rev Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.01.040183.001331","article-title":"Complement ligand-receptor interactions that mediate biological responses.","volume":"1","author":"Fearon","year":"1983"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Biomed Mater Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.820270516","article-title":"Integrin receptors and platelet adhesion to synthetic surfaces.","volume":"27","author":"Goodman","year":"1993"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1984.61.6.1079","article-title":"Sterile shunt malfunction. 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