{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T13:32:31Z","timestamp":1783776751691,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 The authors evaluated the effect of adjuvant therapy (preoperative chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy) followed by radical tumor removal in the treatment of children with primary intracranial yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or mixed germ cell tumors containing yolk sac tumor components.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Between 1988 and 1995, five consecutive patients were treated with adjuvant therapy followed by total tumor removal. The diagnosis was based on markedly elevated concentrations of serum \u03b1-fetoprotein (AFP) and\/or \u03b2-human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2-HCG) in four children and the results of biopsy sampling in one child. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of cisplatin (20 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and etoposide (60 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) daily for 5 days (one course) given three times at 4-weeks intervals. Radiotherapy consisted of 30 to 40 Gy to the whole brain or an area including all ventricles and a 15- to 20-Gy boost to the tumor site. Spinal radiation of 25 Gy was added in one patient. In all patients the serum level of AFP and \u03b2-HCG gradually decreased during the adjuvant therapy and disappeared completely on its completion. In two of the five patients the tumor disappeared as well. In the other three patients the tumor size was moderately or markedly reduced and the remaining tumor was totally removed; there were no neurological deficits. Chemotherapy was maintained after the initial treatment and was repeated every 2 to 4 months for less than 2 years. All children are alive and well without recurrence at 33 to 118 months (average 88 months) after the start of adjuvant therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Our preliminary results indicate that adjuvant therapy consisting of combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide and concomitant radiotherapy, followed by removal of the tumor, is highly effective in the treatment of pediatric patients with primary intracranial yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or mixed germ cell tumors containing yolk sac tumor components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:26:30Z","timestamp":1242235590000},"page":"133-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Preliminary observations for a new treatment in children with primary intracranial yolk sac tumor or embryonal carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Yukitaka","family":"Ushio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Kuratsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youichi","family":"Itoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Marubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.2.0244","article-title":"Primary pineal endodermal sinus tumor with elevated serum and CSF alphafetoprotein levels. Case report.","volume":"53","author":"Arita","year":"1980"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Prog Exp Tumor Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1159\/000413686","article-title":"Role of tumor markers in the management of primary intracranial germ cell tumors.","volume":"30","author":"Arita","year":"1987"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Oncodev Biol Med","first-page":"235","article-title":"Serum levels of alphafetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors.","volume":"1","author":"Arita","year":"1980"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neuropediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1071577","article-title":"Intracranial germ cell tumors: a comprehensive update of the European data.","volume":"25","author":"Calaminus","year":"1994"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-87-3-293","article-title":"Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin combination chemotherapy in disseminated testicular cancer.","volume":"87","author":"Einhorn","year":"1977"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"459","article-title":"Treatment of intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors producing \u03b1-fetoprotein.","volume":"36","author":"Itoyama","year":"1995"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.63.2.0155","article-title":"Intracranial germ-cell tumors: natural history and pathogenesis.","volume":"63","author":"Jennings","year":"1985"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.5.0676","article-title":"Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide for malignant intracranial germ-cell tumors. An experimental and clinical study.","volume":"70","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1989"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1159\/000121132","article-title":"Epidemiological study of primary intracranial tumors in children.","volume":"25","author":"Kuratsu","year":"1996"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.6.0946","article-title":"Epidemiological study of primary intracranial tumors: a regional survey in Kumamoto prefecture in the southern part of Japan.","volume":"84","author":"Kuratsu","year":"1996"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Gan No Rinsho","first-page":"1387","article-title":"[Cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin (PVB) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of intracranial malignant germ cell tumors\u2014a preliminary report of a phase II study\u2014The Japanese Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Study Group.]","volume":"32","author":"Matsukado","year":"1986"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.86.3.0446","article-title":"Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases.","volume":"86","author":"Matsutani","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850301)55:5<932::AID-CNCR2820550504>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Radiation therapy for pineal and suprasellar germ cell tumors.","volume":"55","author":"Rich","year":"1985"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005732105727","article-title":"Improved prognosis of intracranial non-germinoma germ cell tumors with multimodality therapy.","volume":"32","author":"Robertson","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"1025","article-title":"[Sinus thrombosis during CDDP and VP-16 (PE) therapy for suprasellar germcell tumor: case report.]","volume":"21","author":"Yamada","year":"1993"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02112027","article-title":"Prognosis of intracranial germ cell tumours: effectiveness of chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide (CDDP and VP-16).","volume":"120","author":"Yoshida","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/1\/article-p133.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/1\/article-p133.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/1\/article-p133.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T02:34:18Z","timestamp":1668306858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/1\/article-p133.xml"}},"subtitle":["Report of five cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1999.90.1.0133","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}