{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:56:51Z","timestamp":1792079811331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 In his 1756 text, <jats:italic>Observations pratiques sur les maladies de l'ur\u00e8thre et sur plusiers faits convulsifs,<\/jats:italic> Nicolas Andr\u00e9 coined the term \u201ctic douloureux.\u201d He believed that this pain originated from compression of facial sensory peripheral nerves. Using scientific observation and experimentation to confirm this hypothesis, he reproduced the tic pain and treated it by using careful efforts to remove adhesions from the nerve with a caustic solution of mercury water. Believing that recurrence of the pain was a result of early closure of the wound, with recompression of the nerve being the direct cause, Andr\u00e9 prevented recompression by ensuring open wound drainage. Andr\u00e9's surgical technique of using cauterizing stones ensured that there was minimal blood loss and little danger of rebleeding and recompression of the nerve by an accumulated blood clot. His case reports include lengthy follow-up periods that documented the benefits of his procedures, which were confirmed by testimonials from uninvolved colleagues. Although remembered for the two words, \u201ctic douloureux,\u201d Nicolas Andr\u00e9 has long been ignored for his prescient treatment and scientific analysis of a disease for which the modern standard of care has only been defined during the last generation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.5.0977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:21:50Z","timestamp":1242235310000},"page":"977-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mercury water and cauterizing stones: Nicolas Andr\u00e9 and tic douloureux"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Coursaget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Preul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devdutta","family":"Sangvai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Diss\u00e9rtation sur les maladies de l'ur\u00e8tre, qui ont besoin de bougies.","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"1751"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Mani\u00e8re de faire usage des bougies ou des sondes antiv\u00e9n\u00e9riennes, medicamenteuses & chirurgicales, propres \u00e0 gu\u00e9rir toutes les esp\u00e8ces de retentions d'urine, maladies de l'ur\u00e8tre & de la vessie.","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"1758"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Nouvelles observations des maladies de l'ur\u00e8thre et de la vessie.","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"1766"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Observations pratiques sur les maladies de l' ur\u00e8thre et sur plusiers faits convulsifs, & la gu\u00e9rison de plusiers maladies chirurgicales, avec la d\u00e9composition d'un rem\u00e8de propre \u00e0 r\u00e9primer la dissolution gangr\u00e9neuse & canc\u00e9reuse, & \u00e0 la r\u00e9parer; avec des principes qui pourront servir \u00e0 employer les diff\u00e9rens caustiques.","author":"Andr\u00e9","year":"1756"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Dr. Boerhaave's Academical Lectures on Theory of Physic. Being a Genuine Translation of his Institutes and Explanatory Comment, Collated and Adjusted to Each Other, as They Were Dictated to his Students at the University of Leyden.","author":"Boerhaave","year":"1723"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Anatomia hepatis.","author":"Glisson","year":"1654"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Tractatus de ventriculo et intestinis.","author":"Glisson","year":"1672"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Tractatus de ventriculo et intestinis.","author":"Glisson","year":"1677"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Comment Soc Reg Sci Gottingen","first-page":"114","article-title":"De partibus corporis humani sensibilibus et irritabilibus.","volume":"2","author":"Haller","year":"1753"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"A Dissertation on the Sensible and Irritable Parts of Animals by M. A. Haller, MD. Introduction by Oswei Temkin. London: J. Nourse, 1755.","author":"Haller","year":"1936"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Dissertation sur les parties irritables et sensibles des animaux.","author":"Haller","year":"1755"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"A History of Neurosurgery.","first-page":"99","article-title":"A history of neuroscience from Galen to gall","author":"Preul","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Greenfield's Neuropathology","first-page":"148","article-title":"Intoxications, poisons and related metabolic disorders","author":"Smith","year":"1976"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"An Anatomical Exposition of the Structure of the Human Body","author":"Winslow","year":"1733"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/5\/article-p977.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/5\/article-p977.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/5\/article-p977.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T11:16:28Z","timestamp":1679915788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/90\/5\/article-p977.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1999.90.5.0977","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5]]}}}