{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:05:03Z","timestamp":1780639503946,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The goal of this study was to clarify the efficacy of the Codman Hakim programmable valve. Clinical data obtained in 179 patients with hydrocephalus or other intracranial fluid\u2014accumulating diseases were analyzed.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Shunt placement operations were effective in 168 patients, approximately one half (50.6%) of whose devices required reprogramming of opening pressure postoperatively. This was a significantly larger number of shunts than the authors had thought would need reprogramming. Extremely narrowed ventricles observed on computerized tomography scans, as well as clinical symptoms related to inadequate or excessive cerebrospinal fluid drainage, improved in patients after shunt reprogramming. Shunt reprogramming frequently was necessary in patients with posthemorrhagic acute hydrocephalus; the programmable valve proved particularly beneficial for such patients. Subdural effusion and arachnoid cyst also proved to be good indications for use of the valve. Twelve patients (7%) suffered complications postoperatively. The most common complication was valve obstruction, which occurred in five patients, most of whom had brain tumors.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> The programmable valve was beneficial for the treatment of hydrocephalus and other intracranial fluid\u2014accumulating diseases. It is important to be careful in selecting patients for treatment with the programmable valve, because complications involving the valve seem more likely in brain tumor cases. The valve proved to be poorly resistant to magnetic fields; therefore, it is essential to confirm opening pressure after every magnetic resonance imaging examination. The authors recommend that an identification system for patients be developed so that medical personnel will be aware of the presence of the valve and the previous setting of opening pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:22:53Z","timestamp":1242235373000},"page":"26-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Experience with a programmable valve shunt system"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Nobuko","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1110","article-title":"The use of the Codman-Medos Programmable Hakim valve in the management of patients with hydrocephalus: illustrative cases.","volume":"34","author":"Black","year":"1994"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Nerv Syst Child","first-page":"185","article-title":"Treatment of childhood hydrocephalus with a pressure-adjustable valve.","volume":"19","author":"Ito","year":"1994"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"No Shinkei Geka","first-page":"731","article-title":"[Shunting operation with the medos programmable valve shunt system.]","volume":"22","author":"Izumihara","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Curr Tr Hydroceph","first-page":"45","article-title":"An experience of programmable shunt system for various diseases.","volume":"3","author":"Kamiya","year":"1993"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(91)90072-H","article-title":"Hydrocephalus: overdrainage by ventricular shunts. A review and recommendations.","volume":"35","author":"Pudenz","year":"1991"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Acta Neurochir","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01417677","article-title":"Clinical experience with a new pressure-adjustable shunt valve.","volume":"134","author":"Reinprecht","year":"1995"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Curr Tr Hydroceph","first-page":"38","article-title":"Experience with a programmable valve shunt system in pediatric hydrocephalus.","volume":"5","author":"Yamashita","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p26.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:02:09Z","timestamp":1679882529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p26.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}