{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T15:52:05Z","timestamp":1767973925084,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The goal of this study was to compare the effects of short- and long-term immunosuppression induced by cyclosporin with those of immunosuppression induced by a monoclonal antibody against the rat interleukin-2 receptor (anti-CD25 mAb) in rats with xenografts.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The authors compared the in vivo function and final histological characteristics of fetal mouse mesencephalon xenografts in hemiparkinsonian rats in which immunosuppression was induced by: 1) a short course (2 weeks) of cyclosporin; 2) a long course (8 weeks) of cyclosporin; or 3) a short course of treatment with anti-CD25 mAb. Adult Wistar rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine in their medial forebrain bundle, after which their rotational behavior in response to methamphetamine was quantified. Four groups of 20 rats with rotations numbering greater than six turns per minute received fetal mouse mesencephalon transplants to their dopamine-denervated striatum. Group 1 received no immunosuppression therapy; Group 2 received daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg\/kg cyclosporin for 2 weeks; Group 3 received daily intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg\/kg cyclosporin for 8 weeks; and Group 4 received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg\/kg anti-CD25 mAb for 2 weeks. The rats were tested for rotational behavior every 4 weeks and killed after 16 weeks. Surviving xenografts were assessed using immunohistochemical staining for a mouse neuronal marker (Thy-1.2). Sixteen weeks after transplant, there were significantly more surviving xenografts in Groups 3 (p &lt; 0.001) and 4 (p &lt; 0.001) compared with control Group 1 (Fisher's exact test) and significantly better functioning xenografts in Groups 3 (p &lt; 0.01) and 4 (p &lt; 0.05) compared with control Group 1 (contrasts of groups following analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction).<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> A short course of anti-CD25 mAb\u2014induced immunosuppression was as effective as a long course of cyclosporin-induced immunosuppression in this model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:22:53Z","timestamp":1242235373000},"page":"109-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunosuppression for neural xenografts: a comparison of cyclosporin and anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Honey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Immunology","first-page":"593","article-title":"The localization of populations of lymphocytes defined by monoclonal antibodies in rat lymphoid tissues.","volume":"42","author":"Barclay","year":"1981"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Ren Fail","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3109\/08860229709026280","article-title":"Drug nephrotoxicity: an overview.","volume":"19","author":"Bennett","year":"1997"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"219","article-title":"Severe central-nervous-system toxicity associated with cyclosporin.","volume":"1","author":"Berden","year":"1985"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Cell Transplant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/096368979500400110","article-title":"Cyclosporine-A increases spontaneous and dopamine agonist-induced locomotor behavior in normal rats.","volume":"4","author":"Borlongan","year":"1995"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Neurol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1996.11740425","article-title":"CNS immunological modulation of neural graft rejection and survival.","volume":"18","author":"Borlongan","year":"1996"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Exp Brain Res","first-page":"204","article-title":"Cyclosporin A increases survival of cross-species intrastriatal grafts of embryonic dopamine-containing neurons.","volume":"60","author":"Brundin","year":"1985"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Exp Brain Res","first-page":"195","article-title":"Intracerebral xenografts of dopamine neurons: the role of immunosuppression and the blood-brain barrier.","volume":"75","author":"Brundin","year":"1989"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Dig Dis Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02063943","article-title":"Future of monoclonal antibodies in solid organ transplantation.","volume":"40","author":"Cosimi","year":"1995"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Nature Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397-350","article-title":"Histological evidence of fetal pig neural cell survival after transplantation into a patient with Parkinson's disease.","volume":"3","author":"Deacon","year":"1997"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.1.41","article-title":"Long-term outcome of unilaterally transplanted parkinsonian patients. I. Clinical approach.","volume":"119","author":"Defer","year":"1996"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)01409-8","article-title":"Methylprednisolone prevents rejection of intrastriatal grafts of xenogeneic embryonic neural tissue in adult rats.","volume":"712","author":"Duan","year":"1996"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Transplantation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-198908000-00025","article-title":"Central nervous system toxicity of cyclosporine in a rat model.","volume":"48","author":"Famiglio","year":"1989"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380307","article-title":"Bilateral fetal nigral transplantation into the postcommissural putamen in Parkinson's disease.","volume":"38","author":"Freeman","year":"1995"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci","first-page":"287","article-title":"The immunosuppressant FK506 increases functional recovery and nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.","volume":"6","author":"Gold","year":"1994"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0140","article-title":"The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506.","volume":"80","author":"Ho","year":"1996"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Exp Brain Res","first-page":"149","article-title":"Rat brain xenografts reverse hypogonadism in mice immunosuppressed with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody.","volume":"85","author":"Honey","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"NeuroReport","first-page":"247","article-title":"Human neural graft function in rats treated with anti-interleukin II receptor antibody.","volume":"1","author":"Honey","year":"1991"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Immunol Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1979.tb00289.x","article-title":"Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens.","volume":"47","author":"Ledbetter","year":"1979"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Br J Exp Pathol","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity to homologous grafted skin. III. The fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye.","volume":"29","author":"Medawar","year":"1948"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosci Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19970601)48:5<385::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Treatment of rat hemiparkinson model with xenogeneic neural transplantation: tolerance induction by anti-T-cell antibodies.","volume":"48","author":"Okura","year":"1997"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)00626-G","article-title":"A novel mode of immunoprotection of neural xenotransplants: masking of donor major histocompatibility complex class I enhances transplant survival in the central nervous system.","volume":"65","author":"Pakzaban","year":"1995"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90338-7","article-title":"Neural xenotransplantation: reconstruction of neuronal circuitry across species barriers.","volume":"62","author":"Pakzaban","year":"1994"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp","first-page":"259","article-title":"Survival and maturation of heterotopic fetal brain stem xenografts after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and cyclosporine A.","volume":"55","author":"Ryba","year":"1995"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91750-U","article-title":"The effect of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK-506, on xenogeneic neural transplantation in rodents.","volume":"565","author":"Sakai","year":"1991"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Trends Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90159-R","article-title":"The immune response to intracerebral neural grafts.","volume":"14","author":"Sloan","year":"1991"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"997","article-title":"Mechanism of action of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy: target cell depletion or inhibition of function?","volume":"21","author":"Tellides","year":"1989"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"202","article-title":"Synergistic interaction of cyclosporine A with interleukin 2 receptor monoclonal antibody therapy.","volume":"20","author":"Tellides","year":"1988"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Acta Physiol Scand Suppl","first-page":"69","article-title":"Postsynaptic supersensitivity after 6-hydroxydopamine induced degeneration of the nigro-striatal dopamine system.","volume":"367","author":"Ungerstedt","year":"1971"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(70)90187-3","article-title":"Quantitative recording of rotational behavior in rats after 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine system.","volume":"24","author":"Ungerstedt","year":"1970"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Brain Res Rev","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60297-6","article-title":"Immunological aspects of grafting in the mammalian central nervous system. A review and speculative synthesis.","volume":"472","author":"Widner","year":"1988"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Transplant Proc","first-page":"793","article-title":"Transplanted allogeneic fetal dopamine neurons survive and improve motor function in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.","volume":"23","author":"Widner","year":"1991"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90106-C","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody to the interleukin-2 receptor enhances the survival of neural allografts: a time course study.","volume":"49","author":"Wood","year":"1992"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90313-C","article-title":"Suppression of immunorejection against rat fetal dopaminergic neurons in a mouse brain by 15-deoxyspergualin.","volume":"621","author":"Zhou","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p109.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p109.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p109.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T02:03:03Z","timestamp":1679882583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/1\/article-p109.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1999.91.1.0109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}