{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T20:30:44Z","timestamp":1772915444809,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The authors confirm the usefulness of extravasation detected on three-dimensional computerized tomography (3D-CT) angiography in the diagnosis of continued hemorrhage and establishment of its cause in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Thirty-one patients with acute ICH in whom noncontrast and 3D-CT angiography had been performed within 12 hours of the onset of hemorrhage and in whom conventional cerebral angiographic studies were obtained during the chronic stage were prospectively studied. Noncontrast CT scanning was repeated within 24 hours of the onset of ICH to evaluate hematoma enlargement.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Findings indicating extravasation on 3D-CT angiography, including any abnormal area of high density on helical CT scanning, were observed in five patients; three of these demonstrated hematoma enlargement on follow-up CT studies. Thus, specificity was 60% (three correct predictions among five positives) and sensitivity was 100% (19 correct predictions among 19 negatives). Evidence of extravasation on 3D-CT angiography indicates that there is persistent hemorrhage and correlates with enlargement of the hematoma.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Regarding the cause of hemorrhage, five cerebral aneurysms were visualized in four patients, and two diagnoses of moyamoya disease and one of unilateral moyamoya phenomenon were made with the aid of 3D-CT angiography. Emergency surgery was performed without conventional angiography in one patient who had an aneurysm, and it was clipped successfully.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Overall, 3D-CT angiography was found to be valuable in the diagnosis of the cause of hemorrhage and in the detection of persistent hemorrhage in patients with acute ICH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.3.0424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:21:15Z","timestamp":1242235275000},"page":"424-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography in patients with hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Murai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"35","article-title":"Rapid expansion of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"31","author":"Bae","year":"1992"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.2.0195","article-title":"Ultra-early evaluation of intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"72","author":"Broderick","year":"1990"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.1.1","article-title":"Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"28","author":"Brott","year":"1997"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.11.1509","article-title":"Progression of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"1989"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.1.21","article-title":"Relation between blood pressure and outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"26","author":"Dandapani","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370170075038","article-title":"Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. The Honolulu Heart Program.","volume":"255","author":"Donahue","year":"1986"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199501000-00037","article-title":"Early experience with spiral CT in the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm.","volume":"36","author":"Dorsch","year":"1995"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1052-3057(10)80001-1","article-title":"Incidence of progression or rebleeding in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"1","author":"Fehr","year":"1991"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199410000-00003","article-title":"Liver dysfunction in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"35","author":"Fujii","year":"1994"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.1.0051","article-title":"Hematoma enlargement in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"80","author":"Fujii","year":"1994"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.73.4.0518","article-title":"Indications for surgical treatment of putaminal hemorrhage. Comparative study based on serial CT and time-course analysis.","volume":"73","author":"Fujitsu","year":"1990"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199701000-00004","article-title":"Active hemorrhage of intracranial aneurysm: diagnosis by CT angiography.","volume":"21","author":"Gosselin","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199502000-00011","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography in the preoperative evaluation of cerebrovascular lesions.","volume":"36","author":"Harbaugh","year":"1995"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.3.0408","article-title":"Three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.","volume":"76","author":"Harbaugh","year":"1992"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"517","article-title":"Three dimensional CT angiography of complex iliac stenosis: comparison with rotational angiography.","volume":"197","author":"Hayashi","year":"1995"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1974.00490350070013","article-title":"Hypertensive intracerebral hematoma. An investigation of the initial hemorrhage and rebleeding using chromium Cr 51-labeled erythrocytes.","volume":"30","author":"Herbstein","year":"1974"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010209","article-title":"Hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage.","volume":"1","author":"Hier","year":"1977"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1148\/95.1.79","article-title":"Angiographic and clinico-pathologic correlates in basal ganglionic hemorrhage.","volume":"95","author":"Huckman","year":"1970"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.9.1558","article-title":"Risk factors for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"26","author":"Juvela","year":"1995"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1985.62.2.0206","article-title":"Stereotactic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas.","volume":"62","author":"Kandel","year":"1985"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.195.2.7724764","article-title":"Circle of Willis: evaluation with spiral CT angiography, MR angiography, and conventional angiography.","volume":"195","author":"Katz","year":"1995"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1783","article-title":"Enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Incidence and time course.","volume":"27","author":"Kazui","year":"1996"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.8.852","article-title":"Active bleeding in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage: computed tomography.","volume":"32","author":"Kelley","year":"1982"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"[New Horizons of 3D-CT Imaging. Current Concepts and Applications.]","first-page":"2","article-title":"[Three-dimensional image using spiral CT\u2014the foundation and application of voxel transmission method]","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1995"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1972.36.4.0471","article-title":"Extravasation of angiographic contrast material in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"36","author":"Kowada","year":"1972"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.3.5.527","article-title":"Arteriographically visualized extravasation in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Report of seven cases.","volume":"3","author":"Mizukami","year":"1972"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.8.754","article-title":"The Harvard Cooperative Stroke Registry: a prospective registry.","volume":"28","author":"Mohr","year":"1978"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.4.0650","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-documented extravasation as an indicator of acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.","volume":"88","author":"Murai","year":"1998"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.4.0663","article-title":"Computerized tomography angiography of ruptured cerebral aneurysms: factors affecting time to maximum contrast concentration.","volume":"88","author":"Nakajima","year":"1998"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.8.987","article-title":"Influence of liver dysfunction on volume of putaminal hemorrhage.","volume":"19","author":"Niizuma","year":"1988"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050654","article-title":"Three-dimensional CT angiography of intracranial vasospasm following subarachnoid haemorrhage.","volume":"40","author":"Takagi","year":"1998"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199504000-00016","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography of cerebral aneurysms.","volume":"36","author":"Tampieri","year":"1995"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199807000-00040","article-title":"Postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging to predict progression of traumatic epidural and subdural hematomas in the acute stage.","volume":"43","author":"Tomida","year":"1998"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"AJR","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.165.2.7618571","article-title":"Detection of circle of Willis. Aneurysms in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: a comparison of CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography.","volume":"165","author":"Vieco","year":"1995"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-44-525-689","article-title":"Intracerebral leakage of contrast medium in apoplexy.","volume":"44","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"1971"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(83)80009-3","article-title":"Extravasation of contrast medium during both computed tomography and cerebral angiography.","volume":"19","author":"Yamaki","year":"1983"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Jpn J Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3995\/jstroke.10.54","article-title":"[Analysis of rebleeding cases of stereotactic hematoma aspiration.]","volume":"10","author":"Yamanaka","year":"1988"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199612000-00006","article-title":"Prediction of hemorrhagic complications after thrombolytic therapy for middle cerebral artery occlusion: value of pre- and post-therapeutic computed tomographic findings and angiographic occlusive site.","volume":"39","author":"Yokogami","year":"1996"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.7.1406","article-title":"Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage: which patients need diagnostic cerebral angiography? A prospective study of 206 cases and review of the literature.","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"1997"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199707000-00026","article-title":"Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography in detection of cerebral aneurysm in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"41","author":"Zouaoui","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/3\/article-p424.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/3\/article-p424.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/3\/article-p424.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T01:51:39Z","timestamp":1679881899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/91\/3\/article-p424.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1999.91.3.0424","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}}}