{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:35:38Z","timestamp":1789623338551,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The goal of this study was to determine the usefulness of electromyographic (EMG) recording in locating motor pathways near the central sulcus or internal capsule during surgery.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Multichannel EMG recordings were compared with visual observation of contralateral body movement that was elicited by direct cortical or subcortical stimulation used to identify motor pathways before and during tumor resection.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">The EMG recordings were more sensitive than visual observation alone in identifying motor responses: in 30% of cases, responses were identified by EMG recording alone at some point during the operation and, in 9% of cases, EMG responses were the only responses observed. Additionally, EMG recordings often detected seizure activity resulting from electrical stimulation of the cortex that could not be appreciated on visual inspection. No new motor deficits were seen postoperatively in 88% of the patients in this series.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Using EMG recording in addition to motor pathway mapping results in greater sensitivity, allowing the use of lower stimulation levels and facilitating detection of stimulation-induced seizure activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.6.0922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:21:09Z","timestamp":1242235269000},"page":"922-927","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Identification of motor pathways during tumor surgery facilitated by multichannel electromyographic recording"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Yingling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Ojemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Dodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret J.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchel S.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198708000-00012","article-title":"Effect of the extent of surgical resection on survival and quality of life in patients with supratentorial glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas.","volume":"21","author":"Ammirati","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"437","article-title":"Functional mapping-guided resection of low-grade gliomas.","volume":"42","author":"Berger","year":"1995"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"129","article-title":"The impact of technical adjuncts in the surgical management of cerebral hemispheric low-grade gliomas of childhood.","volume":"28","author":"Berger","year":"1996"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"324","article-title":"Minimalism through intraoperative functional mapping.","volume":"43","author":"Berger","year":"1996"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Persp Neurol Surg","first-page":"23","article-title":"Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging localization of the primary motor cortex.","volume":"2","author":"Berger","year":"1991"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940915)74:6<1784::AID-CNCR2820740622>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"The effect of extent of resection on recurrence in patients with low grade cerebral hemisphere gliomas.","volume":"74","author":"Berger","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198911000-00015","article-title":"Brain mapping techniques to maximize resection, safety, and seizure control in children with brain tumors.","volume":"25","author":"Berger","year":"1989"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurooncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005715405413","article-title":"Low grade gliomas: functional mapping resection strategies, extent of resection, and outcome.","volume":"34","author":"Berger","year":"1997"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198706000-00016","article-title":"Cortical mapping for defining the limits of tumor resection.","volume":"20","author":"Black","year":"1987"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198707000-00005","article-title":"Supratentorial gliomas: surgical considerations and immediate postoperative results. 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