{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:15:57Z","timestamp":1792034157594,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The authors analyzed their series of carotid endarterectomies (CEAs), which were performed after administration of either a general or regional anesthetic, to determine whether the choice of anesthetic affected patients' clinical outcomes and length of hospital stay.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> A series of 803 consecutive CEAs performed between July 1990 and February 1999 was reviewed. Cases were analyzed for patient demographics, comorbid medical states, and perioperative complications. Contingency-table statistical analysis was used to compare the incidence of comorbid medical states and perioperative complications between patients who underwent CEA in which either a regional or general anesthetic was used. Student's t-test was used to compare the length of hospital stay and mean patient age.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">A regional anesthetic was used for 632 CEAs, and a general anesthetic was used for 171 operations. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences in demographics or comorbid medical states. The incidence of perioperative stroke and death did not differ significantly between the regional (2.7%) and the general anesthetic groups (2.3%). However, the incidence of nonneurological, nonfatal complications was significantly less in the regional anesthetic (1.6%) than in the general anesthetic group (14 .6%, p &lt; 0.0001). Patients undergoing CEA in which a regional anesthetic was used had a significantly lower incidence of cardiopulmonary complications (myocardial infarction and postoperative intubation), cervical complications (neck hematomas and cranial nerve injuries), and urological complications (urinary retention) than patients who underwent surgery after receiving a general anesthetic.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Patients undergoing CEA in which a regional anesthetic was used had significantly fewer nonneurological, nonfatal complications, particularly cardiopulmonary complications, than similar patients surgically treated after induction of general anesthesia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.2.0291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:33:09Z","timestamp":1242235989000},"page":"291-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Clinical outcomes after carotid endarterectomy: comparison of the use of regional and general anesthetics"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Achilles K.","family":"Papavasiliou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulda B.","family":"Magnadottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Gonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Harbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Vasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(94)70008-7","article-title":"The influence of anesthetic technique on perioperative complications after carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"19","author":"Allen","year":"1994"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Vasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(97)70038-7","article-title":"Improving the cost effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"26","author":"Back","year":"1997"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Arch Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1987.01400190073014","article-title":"The influence of anesthetic choice on carotid endarterectomy outcome.","volume":"122","author":"Corson","year":"1987"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1235","article-title":"MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70\u201399%) or with mild (0\u201329%) carotid stenosis.","volume":"337","year":"1991"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1421","article-title":"Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis.","volume":"273","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(89)80124-0","article-title":"Local versus general anesthesia in carotid surgery. A prospective randomised study.","volume":"3","author":"Forssell","year":"1989"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(83)90043-0","article-title":"One hundred consecutive carotid artery reconstructions: local versus general anesthesia.","volume":"145","author":"Gabelman","year":"1983"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199508000-00005","article-title":"Early discharge after carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"37","author":"Harbaugh","year":"1995"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurovasc Dis","first-page":"40","article-title":"Increasing the value of carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"1","author":"Harbaugh","year":"1996"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Tech Neurosurg","first-page":"25","article-title":"Carotid surgery using regional anesthesia.","volume":"3","author":"Harbaugh","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301283280401","article-title":"Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis.","volume":"328","author":"Hobson","year":"1993"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80207-4","article-title":"Short-stay carotid endarterectomy is safe and cost-effective.","volume":"169","author":"Kraiss","year":"1995"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"249","article-title":"Carotid artery stenosis: the case for stenting.","volume":"45","author":"Lanzino","year":"1997"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Techn Neurosurg","first-page":"16","article-title":"Technical fundamentals, monitoring, and shunt use during carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"3","author":"Loftus","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199910000-00011","article-title":"Clinical outcomes for patients at high risk who underwent carotid endarterectomy with regional anesthesia.","volume":"45","author":"Magnadottir","year":"1999"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3289","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03470230047029","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy and prevention of cerebral ischemia in symptomatic carotid stenosis.","volume":"266","author":"Mayberg","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90450-2","article-title":"Detailed comparison of regional and general anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"152","author":"Muskett","year":"1986"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"445","article-title":"Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis.","volume":"325","year":"1991"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90563-1","article-title":"Comparison of regional and general anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy.","volume":"157","author":"Palmer","year":"1989"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Ann Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198207000-00013","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy under regional (conductive) anesthesia.","volume":"196","author":"Peitzman","year":"1982"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","first-page":"301","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy. 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