{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T10:12:24Z","timestamp":1783851144456,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Clinical microdialysis enables monitoring of the cerebral extracellular chemistry of neurosurgical patients. Introduction of the technique into different hospitals' neurosurgical units has resulted in variations in the method of application. There are several variables to be considered, including length of the catheter membrane, type of perfusion fluid, flow rate of perfusion fluid, and on-line compared with delayed analysis of samples. The objects of this study were as follows: 1) to determine the effects of varying catheter characteristics on substance concentration; 2) to determine the relative recovery and true extracellular concentration by varying the flow rate and extrapolating to zero flow; and 3) to compare substance concentration obtained using a bedside enzyme analyzer with that of off-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> A specially designed bolt was used to conduct two adjacent microdialysis catheters into the frontal cortex of patients with head injury or poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage who were receiving ventilation. One reference catheter (10-mm membrane, perfused with Ringer's solution at 0.3 \u00b5l\/minute) was constant for all studies. The other catheter was varied in terms of membrane length (10 mm or 30 mm), perfusion fluid (Ringer's solution or normal saline), and flow rate (0.1\u20131.5 \u00b5l\/minute). The effect of freezing the samples on substance concentration was established by on-line analysis and then repeated analysis after storage at \u221270\u00b0C for 3 months. Samples assayed with the bedside enzyme analyzer were reassessed using HPLC for the determination of glutamate concentrations.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Two adjacent microdialysis catheters that were identical in membrane length, perfusion fluid, and flow rate showed equivalent results. Variations in perfusion fluid and freezing and thawing of samples did not result in differences in substance concentration. Catheter length had a significant impact on substance recovery. Variations in flow rate enabled the relative recovery to be calculated using a modification of the extrapolation-to-zero-flow method. The recovery was approximately 70% at 0.3 \u00b5l\/minute and 30% at 1 \u00b5l\/minute (10-mm membrane) for all analytes. Glutamate results obtained with the enzyme analyzer showed good correlation with those from HPLC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.1.0037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:27:38Z","timestamp":1242235658000},"page":"37-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":197,"title":["Clinical cerebral microdialysis: a methodological study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"O'Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pippa G.","family":"Al-Rawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn B.","family":"Maskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Kett-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh K.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Pickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Microdialysis.","volume":"339","year":"1992"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Neurol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1996.11740439","article-title":"Microdialytic monitoring during cerebrovascular surgery.","volume":"18","author":"Bachli","year":"1996"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurochem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07243.x","article-title":"Brain microdialysis.","volume":"52","author":"Benveniste","year":"1989"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurochem","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07252.x","article-title":"Determination of brain interstitial concentrations by microdialysis.","volume":"52","author":"Benveniste","year":"1989"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.4.0507","article-title":"Factors affecting excitatory amino acid release following severe human head injury.","volume":"89","author":"Bullock","year":"1998"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther","first-page":"9","article-title":"Dialytrode for long term intracerebral perfusion in awake monkeys.","volume":"198","author":"Delgado","year":"1972"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90754-5","article-title":"Extracellular hippocampal glutamate and spontaneous seizure in the conscious human brain.","volume":"341","author":"During","year":"1993"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.721bd.x","article-title":"Extracellular glucose turnover in the striatum of unanaesthetized rats measured by quantititative microdialysis.","volume":"504","author":"Fray","year":"1997"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.4.0697","article-title":"Cerebral microdialysis combined with single-neuron and electroencephalographic recording in neurosurgical patients. 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