{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:00:56Z","timestamp":1776434456385,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Mild-to-moderate hypothermia is increasingly used for neuroprotection in humans. However, it is unknown whether administration of barbiturate medications in burst-suppressive doses\u2014the gold standard of neuroprotection during neurovascular procedures\u2014provides an additional protective effect under hypothermic conditions. The authors conducted the present study to answer this question.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Thirty-two Sprague\u2014Dawley rats were subjected to 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) normothermic controls; 2) methohexital treatment (burst suppression); 3) induction of mild hypothermia (33\u00b0C); and 4) induction of mild hypothermia plus methohexital treatment (burst suppression). Local cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using bilateral laser Doppler flowmetry and electroencephalography. Functional deficits were quantified and recorded during daily neurological examinations. Infarct volumes were assessed histologically after 7 days. Methohexital treatment, mild hypothermia, and mild hypothermia plus methohexital treatment reduced infarct volumes by 32%, 71%, and 66%, respectively, compared with normothermic controls. Furthermore, mild hypothermia therapy provided the best functional outcome, which was not improved by additional barbiturate therapy.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> The results of this study indicate that barbiturate-induced burst suppression is not required to achieve maximum neuroprotection under mild hypothermic conditions. The magnitude of protection afforded by barbiturates alone appears to be modest compared with that provided by mild hypothermia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:27:13Z","timestamp":1242235633000},"page":"835-844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["No additional neuroprotection provided by barbiturate-induced burst suppression under mild hypothermic conditions in rats subjected to reversible focal ischemia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Westermaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Zausinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Baethmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Jakob","family":"Steiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schmid-Elsaesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01407-9","article-title":"Morphometric study of focal cerebral ischemia in rats: a stereological evaluation.","volume":"673","author":"Avenda\u00f1o","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199408000-00014","article-title":"Deliberate mild intraoperative hypothermia for craniotomy.","volume":"81","author":"Baker","year":"1994"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(95)00080-1","article-title":"Brain cooling during transient focal ischemia provides complete neuroprotection.","volume":"21","author":"Barone","year":"1997"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Anesthesiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199909000-00026","article-title":"Hypothermia in barbiturate-anesthetized rats suppresses natural killer cell activity and compromises resistance to tumor metastasis. 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