{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T15:28:44Z","timestamp":1764602924916},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"Object.<\/jats:italic> Antagonists of the glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa (GPIIb\/IIIa) receptor complex are currently used for the treatment of acute coronary syndromes. The platelet GPIIb\/IIIa mediates platelet aggregation, and blocking this receptor complex can reduce or prevent arterial thrombosis. To study the recanalization efficacy of a GPIIb\/IIIa antagonist in treating cerebral ischemia, we investigated the therapeutic effects of murine 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> in a focal embolic cerebral ischemia model in rats.<\/jats:p>\nMethods.<\/jats:italic> Focal cerebral ischemia was produced by introducing an autologous thrombus into the right side of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 10 rats each: control, 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> administered 1 hour postischemia, and 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> administered 3 hours postischemia. Animals in the therapeutic groups received intravenous infusion of 6 mg\/kg 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> at 1 or 3 hours following cerebral embolization. Brain infarct volume, neurobehavioral scores, duration of bleeding, and findings on angiograms of the MCA (before and after infusion) were assessed in all animals.<\/jats:p>\nAngiographic evaluation revealed full MCA recanalization in three of 10 animals in each 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> treatment group. Animals in these groups exhibited a significant reduction in infarct volume when compared with animals in the control group: 1) infarct volume 1 hour postischemia, 22 \u00b1 13.9% (p = 0.005); 2) infarct volume 3 hours postischemia, 22.1 \u00b1 14.8% (p = 0.008); and 3) infarct volume in control animals, 42.4 \u00b1 16%. Postischemia treatment with 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> also improved the animal's neurobehavioral performance. The duration of bleeding significantly increased by more than two times, but there was no associated increase in intracerebral hemorrhage in any group.<\/jats:p>\nConclusions.<\/jats:italic> On the basis of their findings, the authors conclude that murine 7E3 F(ab\u2032)2<\/jats:sub> is a potent and safe antiplatelet agent in this experimental focal embolic cerebral ischemia model. Neuronal lesions were significantly reduced when the treatment was delayed up to 3 hours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.4.0582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:37:50Z","timestamp":1242236270000},"page":"582-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Angiographic evaluation of middle cerebral artery reperfusion caused by platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor complex antagonist murine 7E3 F(ab')2 in a model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marian T.","family":"Nakada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashfaq","family":"Shuaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.21.2720","article-title":"Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis: results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial. The TIMI 14 Investigators.","volume":"99","author":"Antman","year":"1999"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199804000-00009","article-title":"Reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy of embolic stroke in the rat: magnetic resonance and biochemical imaging.","volume":"18","author":"Busch","year":"1998"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00071-9","article-title":"Early complete recanalization in internal carotid artery embolism treated with high-dose t-PA: a sequential angiographic study in a novel model of embolism in rats.","volume":"157","author":"Calandre","year":"1998"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1641","article-title":"CAST: randomised placebo-controlled trial of early aspirin use in 20,000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke.","volume":"349","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Clin Invest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI3338","article-title":"Reduced microvascular thrombosis and improved outcome in acute murine stroke by inhibiting GP IIb\/IIIa receptor-mediated platelet aggregation.","volume":"102","author":"Choudhri","year":"1998"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Eur Heart J","first-page":"E11","article-title":"Binding specificity and associated effects of platelet GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors.","volume":"1","author":"Chronos","year":"1999"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Thromb Haemost","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642694","article-title":"New antiplatelet agents: platelet GPIIb\/IIIa antagonists.","volume":"74","author":"Coller","year":"1995"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.4","article-title":"Proact: a phase II randomized trial of recombinant pro-urokinase by direct arterial delivery in acute middle cerebral artery stroke.","volume":"29","author":"del Zoppo","year":"1998"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Clin Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960210715","article-title":"Restoration of coronary blood flow by single bolus injection of the GPIIb\/IIIa receptor antagonist c7E3 Fab in a patient with acute myocardial infarction of recent onset.","volume":"21","author":"Domanovits","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Pharmacotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.19.3.139.30932","article-title":"Hemorrhagic transformation in focal cerebral ischemia: influence of time to artery reopening and tissue plasminogen activator.","volume":"19","author":"Fagan","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Int J Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(98)00293-9","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.","volume":"68","author":"Ferrario","year":"1999"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.7.1755","article-title":"Restoration of coronary flow in myocardial infarction by intravenous chimeric 7E3 antibody without exogenous plasminogen activators. Observations in animals and humans.","volume":"95","author":"Gold","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1615","article-title":"The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction.","volume":"329","year":"1993"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"JAMA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530130023023","article-title":"Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS).","volume":"274","author":"Hacke","year":"1995"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1992.tb05122.x","article-title":"The topography of microthrombi in ischemic brain infarct.","volume":"86","author":"Heye","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Pharmacology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1159\/000028288","article-title":"Correlation between the in vivo efficacy of GPIIb\/IIIa receptor antagonists (m7E3, MK-383 and DMP-728) and ex vivo platelet inhibition.","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"1999"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1569","article-title":"The International Stroke Trial (IST): a randomised trial of aspirin, subcutaneous heparin, both, or either among 19435 patients with acute ischaemic stroke.","volume":"349","year":"1997"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Crit Care Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0704(05)70302-X","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy in neurointensive care.","volume":"13","author":"Jichici","year":"1997"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosci Lett","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00643-0","article-title":"Capillary patency after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion of 2 h duration.","volume":"253","author":"Li","year":"1998"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.4.830","article-title":"Prevention of carotid artery thrombosis by oral platelet GPIIb\/IIIa antagonist in dogs.","volume":"28","author":"Mousa","year":"1997"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1509","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of streptokinase, aspirin, and combination of both in treatment of acute ischaemic stroke.","volume":"346","year":"1995"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","first-page":"269A","article-title":"The F(ab\u2032)2 fragment of 7E3, the parent antibody of abciximab, blocks GPIIb\/IIIa-medicated thrombosis in rats.","volume":"33","author":"Nakada","year":"1999"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.","volume":"333","year":"1995"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.9.1847","article-title":"Fibrin contributes to microvascular obstructions and parenchymal changes during early focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.","volume":"25","author":"Okada","year":"1994"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.3.502","article-title":"Delayed increase in infarct volume after cerebral ischemia. Correlations with thrombolytic treatment and clinical outcome.","volume":"30","author":"Pantano","year":"1999"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.12.1249","article-title":"Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor blockade in acute myocardial infarction associated with thrombotic occlusion of the left main coronary artery.","volume":"98","author":"Rechavia","year":"1998"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Circulation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.22.2965","article-title":"Images in cardiovascular medicine. Rapid dissolution of massive intracoronary thrombosis with platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor inhibitor.","volume":"99","author":"Rerkpattanapipat","year":"1999"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.6.1223","article-title":"Chimeric 7E3 prevents carotid artery thrombosis in cynomolgus monkeys.","volume":"25","author":"Rote","year":"1994"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Thromb Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(98)00070-X","article-title":"Intravenous administration of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptor antagonist 7E3 induces reperfusion of an acute thrombotic occlusion of the canine coronary artery.","volume":"90","author":"Shetler","year":"1998"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Eur J Pharm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90024-8","article-title":"Thrombolytic efficacy of a modified tissue-type plasminogen activator, SUN9216, in the rat middle cerebral artery thrombosis model.","volume":"262","author":"Umemura","year":"1994"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Basilar artery rethrombosis: successful treatment with platelet glycoprotein IIB\/IIIA receptor inhibitor.","volume":"18","author":"Wallace","year":"1997"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.5.0841","article-title":"Usefulness of postischemic thrombolysis with or without neuroprotection in a focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia.","volume":"92","author":"Yang","year":"2000"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"J Neurosci Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(98)00067-3","article-title":"Quantification of infarct size on focal cerebral ischemia model of rats using a simple and economical method.","volume":"84","author":"Yang","year":"1998"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90327-L","article-title":"Lysis of plasminogen activator-resistant platelet-rich coronary artery thrombus with combined bolus injection of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and antiplatelet GPIIb\/IIIa antibody.","volume":"16","author":"Yasuda","year":"1990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/94\/4\/article-p582.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/94\/4\/article-p582.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/94\/4\/article-p582.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T23:56:34Z","timestamp":1679874994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/94\/4\/article-p582.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2001.94.4.0582","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}