{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T19:41:17Z","timestamp":1760298077779},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> It is recognized that cortical dysplasia (CD) is associated with an increased incidence of glioneuronal neoplasms. Among hypothetical considerations, there is the possibility that CD and other neuronal migration abnormalities harbor dysmature cells with the potential to give rise to glioneuronal neoplasms. Such cells, if present, would be reasonably expected to display immature features. The goal of the present study was to characterize the expression of nestin, a neuroepithelial precursor\/stem cell antigen, in CD, along with other pathological and clinical features of this entity.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Clinical and surgical features of 10 recent cases meeting the histological criteria for CD were reviewed. Expressions of nestin, MAP2, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed using immunohistochemical analysis and confocal scanning laser microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Immunoreactivity for both glial and neuronal antigens as well as nestin was found in a select group of cells within regions of CD. Immunohistochemical and confocal microscopic findings demonstrated that these cells with neuronal or ambiguous features are a mixed population, some of which are dysmature neurons (positive for nestin and MAP2), whereas others are astrocytic (positive for nestin and GFAP).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Further insight into the nature of nestin-positive neurons may shed light on the cause and pathogenesis of the associated glioneuronal tumors and the accompanying chronic seizures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.3.0459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:34:25Z","timestamp":1242236065000},"page":"459-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nestin expression in cortical dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Duggal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Iskander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710002610X","article-title":"Disorders of neuronal migration.","volume":"14","author":"Barth","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/252055a0","article-title":"Astrocyte-specific protein and radial glia in the cerebral cortex of newborn rat.","volume":"252","author":"Bignami","year":"1974"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"233","article-title":"An immunocytochemical and biochemical study of the microtubule-associated protein MAP-2 during post-lesion dendritic remodeling in the central nervous system of adult rats.","volume":"427","author":"C\u00e0ceres","year":"1988"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"AJR","first-page":"109","article-title":"Intracranial ganglioglioma: MR, CT, and clinical findings in 18 patients.","volume":"11","author":"Castillo","year":"1990"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.07-10-03163.1987","article-title":"MAP-2 expression and neuritic outgrowth and branching are coregulated through region-specific neuro-astroglial interactions.","volume":"7","author":"Chamak","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197811000-00001","article-title":"Abnormal neuronal migration, deranged cerebral cortical organization, and diffuse white matter astrocytosis of human fetal brain: a major effect of methylmercury poisoning in utero.","volume":"37","author":"Choi","year":"1978"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Neuroreport","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199410000-00011","article-title":"Reactive astrocytes express the embryonic intermediate neurofilament nestin.","volume":"5","author":"Clarke","year":"1994"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14152","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.14152","article-title":"Embryonic neuronal markers in tuberous sclerosis: single-cell molecular pathology.","volume":"93","author":"Crino","year":"1996"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050660","article-title":"Internexin, MAP1B, and nestin in cortical dysplasia as markers of developmental maturity.","volume":"93","author":"Crino","year":"1997"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"5334","article-title":"Expression of the class VI intermediate filament nestin in human central nervous system tumors.","volume":"52","author":"Dahlstrand","year":"1992"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Cell Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.103.2.589","article-title":"Characterization of the human nestin gene reveals a close evolutionary relationship to neurofilaments.","volume":"103","author":"Dahlstrand","year":"1992"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227817","article-title":"Neuropathologic findings in surgically treated hemimegalencephaly: immunohistochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural study.","volume":"84","author":"De Rosa","year":"1992"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90510-6","article-title":"Inhibition of MAP2 expression affects both morphological and cell division phenotypes of neuronal differentiation.","volume":"64","author":"Dinsmore","year":"1991"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00588-X","article-title":"Nestin expression in reactive astrocytes following focal cerebral ischemia in rats.","volume":"768","author":"Duggal","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294176","article-title":"Neuronal cytoskeletal abnormalities in human cerebral cortical dysplasia.","volume":"87","author":"Duong","year":"1994"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-01-00293.1990","article-title":"Ganglioside-enhanced neurite growth: evidence for a selective induction of high-molecular-weight MAP-2.","volume":"10","author":"Ferreira","year":"1990"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"81","article-title":"Cerebral malformation induced by prenatal X-irradiation: an autoradiographic and golgi study.","volume":"138","author":"Ferrer","year":"1984"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-04-01144.1988","article-title":"Proliferation and differentiation of rat neuroepithelial precursor cells in vivo.","volume":"8","author":"Frederiksen","year":"1988"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Developmental Neuropathology.","first-page":"330","author":"Friede","year":"1989"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Cell Biol","first-page":"455","article-title":"Rapid, widespread, and longlasting induction of nestin contributes to the generation of glial scar tissue after CNS injury.","volume":"131","author":"Fris\u00e9n","year":"1995"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.7.765","article-title":"Surgical treatment of epilepsy due to cortical dysplasia: clinical and EEG findings.","volume":"56","author":"Hirabayashi","year":"1993"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3310","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-12-03310.1985","article-title":"Identification of major cell classes in the developing mammalian nervous system.","volume":"5","author":"Hockfield","year":"1985"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1993.79.1.0053","article-title":"Pathology of temporal lobectomy for refractory seizures in children. Review of 20 cases including some unique malformative lesions.","volume":"79","author":"Jay","year":"1993"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290311","article-title":"Cortical dysplasia in temporal lobe epilepsy: magnetic resonance imaging correlations.","volume":"29","author":"Kuzniecky","year":"1991"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.681","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in childhood intractable partial epilepsies: pathologic correlations.","volume":"43","author":"Kuzniecky","year":"1993"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Epilepsia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb05988.x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex.","volume":"35","author":"Kuzniecky","year":"1994"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.14.10.912","article-title":"Delayed effects of radiation on the human central nervous system: \u201cearly\u201d and \u201clate\u201d reactions.","volume":"14","author":"Lampert","year":"1964"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90662-X","article-title":"CNS stem cells express a new class of intermediate filament protein.","volume":"60","author":"Lendahl","year":"1990"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1327","article-title":"Inhibitory neurons in the human epileptogenic temporal neocortex. An immunocytochemical study.","volume":"119","author":"Marco","year":"1996"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199503000-00001","article-title":"Cerebral cortical dysplasia associated with pediatric epilepsy. Review of neuropathologic features and proposal for a grading system.","volume":"54","author":"Mischel","year":"1995"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300602","article-title":"Focal neuronal migration disorders and intractable partial epilepsy: a study of 30 patients.","volume":"30","author":"Palmini","year":"1991"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"379","article-title":"Obstructed neuronal migration along radial glial fibers in the neocortex of the reeler mouse: a Golgi-EM analysis.","volume":"256","author":"Pinto-Lord","year":"1982"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"433","article-title":"Neuropathological findings in 224 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.","volume":"86","author":"Plate","year":"1993"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Pediatrics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.67.6.785","article-title":"Central nervous system and facial defects associated with maternal hyperthermia at four to 14 weeks' gestation.","volume":"67","author":"Pleet","year":"1981"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Hum Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(95)90244-9","article-title":"Cortical dysplasia: a histopathologic study of 52 cases of partial lobectomy in patients with epilepsy.","volume":"26","author":"Prayson","year":"1995"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199507000-00005","article-title":"Cortical architectural abnormalities and MIB1 immunoreactivity in gangliogliomas: a study of 60 patients with intracranial tumors.","volume":"54","author":"Prayson","year":"1995"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Prog Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60494-X","article-title":"Defects of neuronal migration and the pathogenesis of cortical malformations.","volume":"73","author":"Rakic","year":"1988"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901450105","article-title":"Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex.","volume":"145","author":"Rakic","year":"1972"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"132","article-title":"Malformation of the adult brain (albino rat) resulting from prenatal irradiation.","volume":"15","author":"Riggs","year":"1956"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"75","article-title":"Experimentally induced heterotopias contain GAD-immunoreactive neurons.","volume":"33","author":"Roper","year":"1992"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","first-page":"105","article-title":"A perspective: the role of disordered genetic control of neurogenesis in the pathogenesis of migration disorders.","volume":"52","author":"Rorke","year":"1994"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199211000-00005","article-title":"The development of induced cerebrocortical microgyria in the rat.","volume":"51","author":"Rosen","year":"1992"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(94)90155-4","article-title":"Radial glia in the neocortex of adult rats: effects of neonatal brain injury.","volume":"82","author":"Rosen","year":"1994"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Can J Neurol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100031668","article-title":"Cerebral dysplasias as expressions of altered maturational processes.","volume":"18","author":"Sarnat","year":"1991"},{"key":"b45","series-title":"Am J Dis Child","first-page":"969","article-title":"Disturbances of late neuronal migrations in the perinatal period.","volume":"141","author":"Sarnat","year":"1987"},{"key":"b46","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/277303a0","article-title":"Arrested proliferation of radial glial cells during midgestation in rhesus monkey.","volume":"277","author":"Schmechel","year":"1979"},{"key":"b47","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(91)90045-M","article-title":"Aberrant neuronal development in hemimegalencephaly: immunohistochemical and golgi studies.","volume":"7","author":"Takashima","year":"1991"},{"key":"b48","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.34.4.369","article-title":"Focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex in epilepsy.","volume":"34","author":"Taylor","year":"1971"},{"key":"b49","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296190","article-title":"Glial and neuronoglial malformative lesions associated with medically intractable epilepsy.","volume":"87","author":"Vital","year":"1994"},{"key":"b50","series-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199503000-00011","article-title":"Glioneuronal malformative lesions and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors in patients with chronic pharmacoresistant epilepsies.","volume":"54","author":"Wolf","year":"1995"},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Brain Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1993.tb00765.x","article-title":"Surgical pathology of chronic epileptic seizure disorders.","volume":"3","author":"Wolf","year":"1993"},{"key":"b52","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","first-page":"466","article-title":"Surgical pathology of chronic epileptic seizure disorders: experience with 63 specimens from extratemporal corticectomies, lobectomies and functional hemispherectomies.","volume":"86","author":"Wolf","year":"1993"},{"key":"b53","series-title":"Pediatr Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00036-2","article-title":"Evidence of abnormal differentiation in giant cells of tuberous sclerosis.","volume":"17","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1997"},{"key":"b54","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410390109","article-title":"Enhanced expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 in large neurons of cortical dysplasia.","volume":"39","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1996"},{"key":"b55","series-title":"Neuron","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90148-1","article-title":"Independent regulatory elements in the nestin gene direct transgene expression to neural stem cells or muscle precursors.","volume":"12","author":"Zimmerman","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/95\/3\/article-p459.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/95\/3\/article-p459.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/95\/3\/article-p459.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T21:09:23Z","timestamp":1679864963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/95\/3\/article-p459.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2001.95.3.0459","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9]]}}}