{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:56:14Z","timestamp":1788472574674,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> A comparison of two electrophysiological methods used to assess facial nerve function intraoperatively was conducted in 33 patients with tumors of the cerebellopontine angle.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> All 33 patients had presented with normal facial nerve function preoperatively. After general anesthesia had been induced by a mixture of midazolam and fentanyl, continual online EMG recordings from the orbicularis oculi and oris muscles were alternated with nasal muscle F-wave recordings. Facial nerve outcomes, assessed using a modified House\u2014Brackmann scale, varied among good (48%), moderate (18%), and poor (33%). Analysis of electromyographic (EMG) data resulted in a significant correlation between the finding of only transient manipulation-evoked activity and a good outcome, whereas in cases in which there was poor outcome, an increase in the amplitude or duration of ongoing activity was detected. A permanent loss of nasal muscle F waves specifically appeared to indicate a severe dysfunction of the facial nerve that was linked to a poor outcome. All patients with latency and\/or amplitude changes or even a transient loss of the F wave achieved good or moderate facial nerve outcomes. A transient loss of the F wave, however, was detected significantly more frequently in patients with moderate outcomes. None of these patients exhibited normal facial function (House\u2014Brackmann Grade I) postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Online EMG monitoring can provide some information on imminent or even present damage to the facial nerve intraoperatively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values of a permanent F-wave loss, however, are much higher than those of EMG monitoring. Additionally, this loss of the F wave is supposed to be transient if the surgical procedure is stopped until the F wave recovers. Therefore, F-wave monitoring serves to alert the surgeon that the facial nerve is about to receive a lesion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.6.0974","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:33:58Z","timestamp":1242236038000},"page":"974-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Recording nasal muscle F waves and electromyographic activity of the facial muscles: a comparison of two methods used for intraoperative monitoring of facial nerve function"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wedekind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norfrid","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989110400602","article-title":"Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: prognostic aspects during acoustic tumor removal.","volume":"104","author":"Beck","year":"1991"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199310000-00003","article-title":"Posterior fossa intraoperative monitoring.","volume":"10","author":"Cheek","year":"1993"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Neuromonitoring in Surgery.","first-page":"115","article-title":"Surgical monitoring of cranial and peripheral nerves","author":"Daube","year":"1989"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-197905000-00007","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring of facial muscle evoked responses obtained by intracranial stimulation of the facial nerve: a more accurate technique for facial nerve dissection.","volume":"4","author":"Delgado","year":"1979"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61876-X","article-title":"Improved preservation of facial nerve function with use of electrical monitoring during removal of acoustic neuromas.","volume":"62","author":"Harner","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Otolaryngol","first-page":"374","article-title":"Prognostic factors in intraoperative facial nerve monitoring for acoustic neuroma.","volume":"26","author":"Hone","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"146","article-title":"Facial nerve grading system.","volume":"93","author":"House","year":"1986"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Neuromonitoring in Otology and Head and Neck Surgery.","first-page":"99","article-title":"Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: otology, neurotology, and skull base surgery","author":"Kartush","year":"1992"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Otolaryngol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(98)90103-X","article-title":"Facial nerve function after cerebellopontine angle surgery and prognostic value of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: a critical evaluation.","volume":"19","author":"Magliulo","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"392","article-title":"Acoustic (loudspeaker) facial electromyographic monitoring: part 1. 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