{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:05:35Z","timestamp":1791227135867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) has typically resulted in deafness after surgical removal of bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Cochlear implants are generally ineffective for this kind of deafness because of the loss of continuity in the auditory nerve after tumor removal. The first auditory brainstem implant (ABI) in such a patient was performed in 1979 at the House Ear Institute, and this individual continues to benefit from electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus complex. In 1992, an advanced multichannel ABI was developed and a series of patients with NF2 received this implant to study the safety and efficacy of the device.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> At the time of first- or second-side VS removal, patients received an eight-electrode array applied to the surface of the cochlear nucleus within the confines of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. The device was activated approximately 6 weeks after implantation, and patients were tested every 3 months for the 1st year after the initial stimulation, and annually thereafter. The protocol included a comprehensive battery of psychophysical and speech perception tests.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> The multichannel ABI proved to be effective and safe in providing useful auditory sensations in most patients with NF2. The ABI improved patients' ability to communicate compared with the lipreading-only condition, it allowed the detection and recognition of many environmental sounds, and in some cases it provided significant ability to understand speech by using just the sound from the ABI (with no lipreading cues). Its performance in most patients has continued to improve for up to 8 years after implantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.6.1063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:44:46Z","timestamp":1242236686000},"page":"1063-1071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Multichannel auditory brainstem implant: update on performance in 61 patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Otto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derald E.","family":"Brackmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Hitselberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert V.","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Kuchta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310800602","article-title":"Auditory brainstem implant I: Issues in surgical implantation.","volume":"108","author":"Brackmann","year":"1993"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"CUNY Topic Related Sentence Test Laservideo Disk.","author":"Boothroyd","year":"1988"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Otolaryngol Suppl","first-page":"117","article-title":"Hearing by cochlear nucleus stimulation in humans.","volume":"91","author":"Edgerton","year":"1982"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Artificial Organs: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Artificial Organs, Biomedical Engineering, and Transplantation in Honor of the 75th Birthday of Willem J. Kolff, Salt Lake City, Utah, January 20\u201323, 1986.","first-page":"491","article-title":"The central electroauditory prosthesis: clinical results","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1986"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.1987.07.0009","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of the auditory brain stem structure in deafened adults.","volume":"24","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1987"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Development of a New Children's Test of Speech Discrimination.","author":"Elliott","year":"1980"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Speech Hear Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4102.256","article-title":"Audiologic evaluation of deaf children.","volume":"41","author":"Erber","year":"1976"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Sound Effects Recognition Test (SERT).","author":"Finitzo-Hieber","year":"1977"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Otol","first-page":"724","article-title":"Evaluation of MRI compatibility of the modified nucleus multichannel auditory brainstem and cochlear implants.","volume":"17","author":"Heller","year":"1996"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"XVI World Congress on Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.","first-page":"145","article-title":"1 year results from the clinical trial of the Nucleus 21 channel auditory brainstem implant (ABI)","author":"Laszig","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1109\/86.736153","article-title":"Accessing the tonotopic organization of the ventral cochlear nucleus by intranuclear microstimulation.","volume":"6","author":"McCreery","year":"1998"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3367","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402826","article-title":"A new portable sound processor for the University of Melbourne\/Nucleus Limited multielectrode cochlear implant.","volume":"91","author":"McDermott","year":"1992"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl","first-page":"36","article-title":"Multichannel auditory brain stem implant: case studies comparing fitting strategies and results.","volume":"166","author":"Otto","year":"1995"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Cochlear Implants.","first-page":"357","article-title":"Clinical trials with the auditory brainstem implant","author":"Otto","year":"2000"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(98)70304-3","article-title":"The multichannel auditory brain stem implant: performance in twenty patients.","volume":"118","author":"Otto","year":"1998"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1109\/10.126616","article-title":"A model of safe levels for electrical stimulation.","volume":"39","author":"Shannon","year":"1992"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Hear Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(89)90110-X","article-title":"Threshold functions for electrical stimulation of the human cochlear nucleus.","volume":"40","author":"Shannon","year":"1989"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310800603","article-title":"Auditory brainstem implant: II. Postsurgical issues and performance.","volume":"108","author":"Shannon","year":"1993"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/86.559351","article-title":"Threshold-distance measures from electrical stimulation of human brainstem.","volume":"5","author":"Shannon","year":"1997"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Hear Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5955(90)90173-M","article-title":"Psychophysical measures from electrical stimulation of the human cochlear nucleus.","volume":"47","author":"Shannon","year":"1990"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Iowa Audiovisual Speech Perception Laser Videodisc.","author":"Tyler","year":"1987"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(95)00022-K","article-title":"Auditory brain-stem responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus in human subjects.","volume":"96","author":"Waring","year":"1995"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Laryngoscope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199211000-00017","article-title":"Electrically evoked auditory brainstem response monitoring of auditory brainstem implant integrity during facial nerve tumor surgery.","volume":"102","author":"Waring","year":"1992"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl","first-page":"33","article-title":"Intraoperative electrophysiologic monitoring to assist placement of auditory brain stem implant.","volume":"166","author":"Waring","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/96\/6\/article-p1063.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/96\/6\/article-p1063.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/96\/6\/article-p1063.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T21:42:46Z","timestamp":1679866966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/96\/6\/article-p1063.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2002.96.6.1063","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}}}