{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T19:15:28Z","timestamp":1785006928506,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\u2713 Late failure following successful third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus is rare, and death caused by failure of a previously successful third ventriculostomy has been reported only once. The authors present three patients who died as a result of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) after late failure of a third ventriculostomy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Through a collaborative effort, three patients were identified who had died following third ventriculostomy at one of the authors' institutions. A 13-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis Type 1 underwent third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus caused by a tectal lesion. Three years later her condition deteriorated rapidly over the course of 6 hours and she was found dead at home. A 4-year-old boy treated with third ventriculostomy for aqueductal stenosis presented 2 years postoperatively with symptoms of increased ICP. This patient suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest while under observation and died despite external ventricular drainage. A 10-year-old boy with previous ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement underwent conversion to a third ventriculostomy and shunt removal. Eight months after the procedure his condition deteriorated, with evidence of raised ICP, and he underwent emergency insertion of another VP shunt, but remained in a vegetative state and died of complications. Neuropathological examinations in two cases demonstrated that the third ventriculostomy was not patent, and there was also evidence of increased ICP.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Late failure of third ventriculostomy resulting in death is a rare complication. Delay in recognition of recurrent ICP symptoms and a false feeling of security on the part of family and caregivers because of the absence of a shunt and the belief that the hydrocephalus has been cured may contribute to fatal complications after third ventriculostomy. Patients with third ventriculostomies should be followed in a manner similar to patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.1.0211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:47:43Z","timestamp":1242236863000},"page":"211-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Death after late failure of third ventriculostomy in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Walter J.","family":"Hader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Sparrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward S.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kestle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1159\/000028657","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: an outcome analysis.","volume":"28","author":"Brockmeyer","year":"1998"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"999","article-title":"Cerebral infarction after neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy: case report.","volume":"46","author":"Buxton","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.3.0448","article-title":"Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children.","volume":"90","author":"Cinalli","year":"1999"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000028624","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy: MR assessment of patency with 2-d cine phase-contrast versus T2-weighted fast spin echo technique.","volume":"28","author":"Fischbein","year":"1998"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200005000-00015","article-title":"Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus.","volume":"46","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Third ventriculostomy patency: comparison of findings at cine phase-contrast MR imaging and at direct exploration.","volume":"20","author":"Fukuhara","year":"1999"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000121242","article-title":"Treatment of hydrocephalus with third ventriculocisternostomy: outcome and CSF flow patterns.","volume":"27","author":"Goumnerova","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199409000-00025","article-title":"A near-fatal complication of endoscopic third ventriuculostomy: case report.","volume":"35","author":"Handler","year":"1994"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199904000-00062","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: outcome analysis of 100 consecutive procedures.","volume":"44","author":"Hopf","year":"1999"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"364","article-title":"Endoscopic III ventriculostomy. 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