{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T02:58:43Z","timestamp":1792897123641,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has an aspect of graded transient global cerebral ischemia. The purpose of the present study was the documentation of sequential changes in body temperature immediately after SAH-induced transient global cerebral ischemia in humans.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Patients admitted within 12 hours after the initial onset of SAH were examined retrospectively (426 patients). Patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms served as a control group (73 patients). Body temperature measured at the axilla on admission was analyzed. The grade of SAH was established according to the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Grade I, GCS Score 15; Grade II, GCS Score 11 to 14; Grade III, GCS Score 8 to 10; Grade IV, GCS Score 4 to 7; and Grade V, GCS Score 3. The mean body temperature of patients in the control group was 36.49 \u00b1 0.45\u00b0C (mean \u00b1 standard deviation). The mean body temperature of patients in the SAH group who had been admitted within 4 hours of onset for Grades I to V were significantly different (p &lt; 0.001, analysis of variance [ANOVA]): 36.26 \u00b1 0.7\u00b0C, 59 patients; 35.98 \u00b1 0.85\u00b0C, 73 patients; 35.52 \u00b1 0.79\u00b0C, 25 patients; 35.9 \u00b1 1.09\u00b0C, 108 patients; and 35.56 \u00b1 1.14\u00b0C, 73 patients, respectively. These values were significantly lower than those in control volunteers, except for patients with Grade I SAH. The reduction in body temperature was unrelated to the location of the cerebral aneurysm and was not the product of circadian rhythm. The temperatures of patients in the SAH group who were admitted beyond 4 hours after onset for each grade were significantly different (p &lt; 0.01, ANOVA): 36.8 \u00b1 0.91\u00b0C, 36 patients; 36.74 \u00b1 0.68\u00b0C, 31 patients; 36.73 \u00b1 0.38\u00b0C, three patients; 37.41 \u00b1 1.37\u00b0C, 17 patients; and 38.9\u00b0C, one patient, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in patients admitted within 4 hours of SAH onset for all grades except Grade V, and significantly higher than control values in patients with Grades I and IV SAH.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> These results indicate that body temperature falls and then rises immediately after the SAH-induced transient global cerebral ischemia without cardiac arrest in humans. The reduction in temperature may be a natural cerebral protection mechanism that is activated shortly after ischemic insult.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.1.0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:59:31Z","timestamp":1242237571000},"page":"50-56","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Natural hypothermia immediately after transient global cerebral ischemia induced by spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Takagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Okinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Nakagomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)64885-4","article-title":"Occurrence of potentially detrimental temperature alterations in hospitalized patients at risk for brain injury.","volume":"73","author":"Albrecht","year":"1998"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"549","article-title":"Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.","volume":"346","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Acute Aneurysm Surgery: Pathophysiology and Management.","first-page":"4","article-title":"Acute ischemic neurological deficits: AINDs","author":"Asano","year":"1987"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.768","article-title":"Hyperthermia delayed by 24 hours aggravates neuronal damage in rat hippocampus following global ischemia.","volume":"48","author":"Baena","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.1086","article-title":"Cortical blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure in a new noncraniotomy model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat.","volume":"26","author":"Bederson","year":"1995"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003289","article-title":"Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia.","volume":"346","author":"Bernard","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.2.413","article-title":"Stroke severity determines body temperature in acute stroke.","volume":"32","author":"Boysen","year":"2001"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Therm Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4565(89)90029-6","article-title":"Tympanic temperature is a core temperature in humans.","volume":"14","author":"Brinnel","year":"1989"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1987.127","article-title":"Small differences in intraischemic brain temperature critically determine the extent of ischemic neuronal injury.","volume":"7","author":"Busto","year":"1987"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102223440803","article-title":"Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury.","volume":"344","author":"Clifton","year":"2001"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.9.1578","article-title":"Long-lasting neuroprotective effect of postischemic hypothermia and treatment with an anti-inflammatory\/antipyretic drug. 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