{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T12:44:57Z","timestamp":1783082697349,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The deep cerebral veins may pose a major obstacle in operative approaches to deep-seated lesions, especially in the pineal region where multiple veins converge on the great cerebral vein of Galen. Because undesirable sequelae may occur from such surgery, the number of veins and branches to be sacrificed during these approaches should kept to a minimum. The purpose of this study was to examine venous drainage into the vein of Galen with a view to surgical approaches. If a vein hampering surgical access must be sacrificed, it can therefore be selected according to the smallest draining territory.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The deep cerebral veins and their surrounding neural structures were examined in 50 cerebral hemispheres from 25 adult cadavers in which the arteries and veins had been perfused with red and blue silicone, respectively. Special consideration was given to the size and location of drainage of the vein of Galen and its tributaries.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> When a surgeon approaches the pineal region, several veins may hamper the access route. From posterior to anterior, these include the following: the superior vermian and the precentral or superior cerebellar veins, which drain into the posteroinferior aspect of the vein of Galen; and the tectal and pineal veins, which drain into its anterosuperior aspect. The internal occipital vein is the main vessel draining into the lateral aspect of the vein of Galen. It may be joined by the posterior pericallosal vein, and in that case has an extensive territory. To avoid intraoperative venous infarction, it is important to use angiography to determine the venous organization before surgery and to estimate the permeability and size of the branches of the deep venous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.6.1028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T17:49:07Z","timestamp":1242236947000},"page":"1028-1038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Microsurgical anatomy of the great cerebral vein of Galen and its tributaries"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Chaynes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"109","article-title":"Le system veineux profond.","volume":"42","author":"Auque","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Bull Assoc Anat","first-page":"175","article-title":"Les veines internes du cerveau.","volume":"101","author":"Beau","year":"1959"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"255","article-title":"The venous system of the velum interpositum of the Rhesus monkey and the effect of experimental occlusion of the great cerebral vein of Galen.","volume":"57","author":"Bedford","year":"1934"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"179","article-title":"The posterior cerebral vein.","volume":"1","author":"Ben-Amor","year":"1970"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"55","article-title":"Anatomical feature of the straight sinus and its tributaries.","volume":"44","author":"Browder","year":"1976"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Ann Med Int","first-page":"899","article-title":"Tolerance de la ligature et de la thrombose a septique des veines cerebrales profondes chez l'homme.","volume":"12","author":"Caron","year":"1977"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"295","article-title":"Cerebral angiography.","volume":"38","author":"Curtis","year":"1951"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"129","article-title":"Experimental hydrocephalus.","volume":"70","author":"Dandy","year":"1919"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet","first-page":"113","article-title":"An operation for the removal of pineal tumors.","volume":"33","author":"Dandy","year":"1921"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"19","article-title":"Operative experience in cases of pineal tumor.","volume":"33","author":"Dandy","year":"1936"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Anat","first-page":"49","article-title":"A study of the junction between the straight sinus and the great cerebral vein.","volume":"164","author":"Ghali","year":"1989"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"77","article-title":"Vein of Galen ligation in the primate. 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