{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:28:32Z","timestamp":1790890112405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic>The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the restoration of shoulder function by means of suprascapular nerve neurotization in adult patients with proximal C-5 and C-6 lesions due to a severe brachial plexus traction injury. The primary goal of brachial plexus reconstructive surgery was to restore biceps muscle function and, secondarily, to reanimate shoulder function.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>Suprascapular nerve neurotization was performed by grafting the C-5 nerve in 24 patients and by accessory or hypoglossal nerve transfer in 29 patients. Additional neurotization involving the axillary nerve was performed in 18 patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Postoperative needle electromyography studies of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and deltoid muscles showed signs of reinnervation in most patients; however, active glenohumeral shoulder function recovery was poor. In nine (17%) of 53 patients supraspinatus muscle strength was Medical Research Council (MRC) Grade 3 or 4 and in four patients (8%) infraspinatus muscle power was MRC Grade 3 or 4. In 18 patients in whom deltoid muscle reinnervation was attempted, MRC Grade 3 or 4 function was demonstrated in two (11%). In the overall group, eight patients (15%) exhibited glenohumeral abduction with a mean of 44 \u00b1 17\u00b0 (standard deviation [SD]; median 45\u00b0) and four patients (8%) exhibited glenohumeral exorotation with a mean of 48 \u00b1 24\u00b0 (SD; median 53\u00b0). In only three patients (6%) were both functions regained.<\/jats:p><jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>The reanimation of shoulder function in patients with proximal C-5 and C-6 brachial plexus traction injuries following suprascapular nerve neurotization is disappointingly low.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.101.3.0377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T18:02:18Z","timestamp":1242237738000},"page":"377-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Evaluation of suprascapular nerve neurotization after nerve graft or transfer in the treatment of brachial plexus traction lesions"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Martijn J. A.","family":"Malessy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godard C. 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