{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:45:16Z","timestamp":1790412316803,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The purpose of this study was to assess the durability and completeness of pain relief in patients treated using stereotactic gamma knife surgery (GKS) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Thirty-eight patients with refractory TN were treated with stereotactic GKS. All patients received a prescription radiation dose of 35, 40, or 45 Gy to the 50% isodose surface through a 4-mm collimator helmet. The group was assessed regularly based on physician-directed interviews for a median follow up of 24 months (range 6\u201327 months). Pain relief was classified as excellent (no pain without medication), good (well-controlled pain with continued medication), fair (decreased but residual pain with continued medication), or poor (unimproved or increased pain with the same or increased medication).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Three months after treatment, pain relief was good or excellent in 71% of patients. By 24 months post-GKS, 50% of the original cohort had poor pain relief, 21% continued to have either excellent or good relief, 3% had fair relief, and 26% had not reached the 24-month follow up. Based on their status at the last follow up, 29% of patients had excellent and 16% had good pain relief. Thirty-seven percent experienced facial numbness, which was dose related. In addition, there was a significantly higher rate of complete pain relief in patients who had facial numbness following treatment (p = 0.003).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Stereotactic GKS is an effective treatment in patients with TN; however, the durability of pain relief and the time to treatment response are limiting factors. As with other types of ablative treatment, facial numbness is strongly associated with better treatment response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.3.0442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T18:10:41Z","timestamp":1242238241000},"page":"442-449","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Stereotactic gamma knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: detailed analysis of treatment response"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Rabih G.","family":"Tawk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Duffy-Fronckowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan E.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald A.","family":"Alberico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidnag Z.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Podgorsak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Plunkett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Fenstermaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"1944","article-title":"Focal enhancement of cranial nerve V after radiosurgery with the Leksell gamma knife: experience in 15 patients with medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"22","author":"Alberico","year":"2001"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604253341701","article-title":"The long-term outcome of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"334","author":"Barker","year":"1996"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0159","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for primary management for trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"93","author":"Brisman","year":"2000"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.5.0848","article-title":"Gamma knife surgery with a dose of 75 to 76.8 Gray for trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"100","author":"Brisman","year":"2004"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1261","article-title":"Trigeminal nerve-blood vessel relationship as revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and its effect on pain relief after gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"50","author":"Brisman","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0155","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: dose-volume histograms of the brainstem and trigeminal nerve.","volume":"93","author":"Brisman","year":"2000"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199304000-00012","article-title":"Percutaneous trigeminal nerve compression for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results in 50 patients.","volume":"32","author":"Brown","year":"1993"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.5.0674","article-title":"Abnormal impulse generation in focally demyelinated trigeminal roots.","volume":"53","author":"Burchiel","year":"1980"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.1.0035","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"69","author":"Burchiel","year":"1988"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.152","article-title":"On the natural history of trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"46","author":"Burchiel","year":"2000"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0147","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for idiopathic and secondary trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"93","author":"Chang","year":"2000"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01606-6","article-title":"Does increased nerve length within the treatment volume improve trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery? A prospective double-blind, randomized study.","volume":"51","author":"Flickinger","year":"2001"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.49.5.0669","article-title":"Microsurgical relationships of the superior cerebellar artery and the trigeminal nerve.","volume":"49","author":"Hardy","year":"1978"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"494","article-title":"Repeat radiosurgery for refractory trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"50","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2002"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1967.26.1part2.0159","article-title":"Arterial compression of the trigeminal nerve at the pons in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"26","author":"Jannetta","year":"1967"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000099734","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery: the University of Pittsburgh experience.","volume":"66","author":"Kondziolka","year":"1996"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.6.0940","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a multiinstitutional study using the gamma unit.","volume":"84","author":"Kondziolka","year":"1996"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.12.1524","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: results and expectations.","volume":"55","author":"Kondziolka","year":"1998"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.1.0014","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"94","author":"Maesawa","year":"2001"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2004.100.4.0597","article-title":"Gamma knife surgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia performed using a far-anterior cisternal target and a high dose of radiation.","volume":"100","author":"Massager","year":"2004"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.supplement_5.0525","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the dry-eye complication.","volume":"97","author":"Matsuda","year":"2002"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Med Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598444","article-title":"On absorbed dose in narrow 60Co gamma-ray beams and dosimetry of the gamma knife.","volume":"25","author":"Nizin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00845-9","article-title":"Repeat gamma knife radiosurgery for refractory or recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"57","author":"Petit","year":"2003"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(03)00264-5","article-title":"Radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: evaluating quality of life and treatment outcomes.","volume":"56","author":"Petit","year":"2003"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0162","article-title":"Results of repeated gamma knife radiosurgery for medically unresponsive trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"93","author":"Pollock","year":"2000"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"58","article-title":"High-dose trigeminal neuralgia radiosurgery associated with increased risk of trigeminal nerve dysfunction.","volume":"49","author":"Pollock","year":"2001"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.2.0347","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"97","author":"Pollock","year":"2002"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30201-8","article-title":"Radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia and epilepsy.","volume":"10","author":"Regis","year":"1999"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00513-7","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of The Barrow Neurological Institute.","volume":"47","author":"Rogers","year":"2000"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.supplement_5.0536","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.","volume":"97","author":"Shetter","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.6.0989","article-title":"A prospective 15-year follow-up of 154 consecutive patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated by percutaneous stereotactic radiofrequency thermal rhizotomy.","volume":"83","author":"Taha","year":"1995"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"West J Med","first-page":"481","article-title":"Microsurgical vascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm.","volume":"132","author":"Wilson","year":"1980"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"533","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: long-term results.","volume":"49","author":"Young","year":"2001"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.608","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: idiopathic and tumor related.","volume":"48","author":"Young","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/102\/3\/article-p442.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/102\/3\/article-p442.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/102\/3\/article-p442.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T15:29:49Z","timestamp":1656862189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/102\/3\/article-p442.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2005.102.3.0442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}}}