{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:20:59Z","timestamp":1790860859280,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The object of this study was to investigate whether a failure of cerebrovascular autoregulation contributes to the relationship between age and outcome in patients following head injury.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Data obtained from continuous bedside monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP = ABP \u2014 ICP) in 358 patients with head injuries and intermittent monitoring of transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity (FV) in the middle cerebral artery in 237 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Indices used to describe cerebral autoregulation and pressure reactivity were calculated as correlation coefficients between slow waves of systolic FV and CPP (autoregulation index [ARI]) and between ABP and ICP (pressure reactivity index [PRI]).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Older patients had worse outcomes after brain trauma than younger patients (p = 0.00001), despite the fact that the older patients had higher initial Glasgow Coma Scale scores (p = 0.006). When age was considered as an independent variable, it appeared that ICP decreased with age (p = 0.005), resulting in an increasing mean CPP (p = 0.0005). Blood FV was not dependent on age (p = 0.58). Indices of autoregulation and pressure reactivity demonstrated a deterioration in cerebrovascular control with advancing age (PRI: p = 0.003; ARI: p = 0.007).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> An age-related decline in cerebrovascular autoregulation was associated with a relative deterioration in outcome in elderly patients following head trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.3.0450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T18:10:41Z","timestamp":1242238241000},"page":"450-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Age, intracranial pressure, autoregulation, and outcome after brain trauma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Czosnyka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Balestreri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzius","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Smielewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basil","family":"Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Pickard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000077927.63758.B6","article-title":"Dynamic pressure\u2014flow velocity relationships in the human cerebral circulation.","volume":"34","author":"Aaslid","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.97.2.0326","article-title":"Predicting recovery in patients suffering from traumatic brain injury by using admission variables and physiological data: a comparison between decision tree analysis and logistic regression.","volume":"97","author":"Andrews","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"161","article-title":"Predictive value of Glasgow Coma Scale after brain trauma: change in trend over the past ten years.","volume":"75","author":"Balestreri","year":"2004"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.5.913","article-title":"Transcranial Doppler measurement of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity: a validation study.","volume":"17","author":"Bishop","year":"1986"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.12.2895","article-title":"Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is unaffected by aging.","volume":"31","author":"Carey","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1080\/0268869021000030285","article-title":"Discordant temporal patterns of S100beta and cleaved tau protein elevation after head injury: a pilot study.","volume":"16","author":"Chatfield","year":"2002"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199707000-00005","article-title":"Continuous assessment of the cerebral vasomotor reactivity in head injury.","volume":"41","author":"Czosnyka","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.10.1829","article-title":"Monitoring of cerebral autoregulation in head-injured patients.","volume":"27","author":"Czosnyka","year":"1996"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.1.0032","article-title":"Sex-related differences in patients with severe head injury: greater susceptibility to brain swelling in female patients 50 years of age and younger.","volume":"98","author":"Farin","year":"2003"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1975.00490510088009","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in dementia.","volume":"32","author":"Hachinski","year":"1975"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48477.x","article-title":"Clinical studies of cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease.","volume":"826","author":"Jagust","year":"1997"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"480","article-title":"Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. 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