{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T01:16:07Z","timestamp":1792458967917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson disease (PD) have been well documented, but there is a paucity of long-term data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longterm safety and efficacy of DBS of the ventralis intermedius nucleus (VIM) of the thalamus for PD and ET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty-eight of 45 patients enrolled at five sites completed a 5-year follow-up study. There were 26 patients with ET and 19 with PD undergoing 29 unilateral (18 ET\/11 PD) and 16 bilateral (eight ET\/eight PD) procedures. Patients with ET were evaluated using the Tremor Rating Scale, and patients with PD were evaluated using the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale. The mean age of patients with ET was 70.2 years and 66.3 years in patients with PD. Unilaterally implanted patients with ET had a 75% improvement of the targeted hand tremor; those with bilateral implants had a 65% improvement in the left hand and 86% in the right compared with baseline. Parkinsonian patients with unilateral implants had an 85% improvement in the targeted hand tremor and those with bilateral implants had a 100% improvement in the left hand and 90% improvement in the right. Common DBS-related adverse events in patients receiving unilateral implants were paresthesia (45%) and pain (41%), and in patients receiving implants bilaterally dysarthria (75%) and balance difficulties (56%) occurred. Device-related surgical revisions other than IPG replacements occurred in 12 (27%) of the 45 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thalamic stimulation is safe and effective for the long-term management of essential and parkinsonian tremors. Bilateral stimulation can cause dysarthria and incoordination and should be used cautiously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:34:12Z","timestamp":1201178052000},"page":"506-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":306,"title":["Long-term evaluation of deep brain stimulation of the thalamus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Pahwa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven B.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard K.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Ondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Tarsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorkild","family":"Norregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean P.","family":"Hubble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, New Jersey; and University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1040506","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01411439","article-title":"Stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus in tremor dominated Parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor","volume":"136","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2-1040506","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","first-page":"39","article-title":"Chronic VIM thalamic stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease, essential tremor and extra-pyramidal dyskinesias","volume":"58","year":"1993"},{"key":"b3-1040506","series-title":"Recent Developments in Parkinson\u2019s Disease, ed 2","first-page":"153","article-title":"Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale","volume":"Vol 2","year":"1987"},{"key":"b4-1040506","series-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Movement Disorders","first-page":"225","article-title":"Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor","year":"1988"},{"key":"b5-1040506","series-title":"Ann Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420304","article-title":"High-frequency unilateral thalamic stimulation in the treatment of essential and parkinsonian tremor","volume":"42","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6-1040506","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1089","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor","volume":"16","year":"2001"},{"key":"b7-1040506","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"289","article-title":"Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in parkinsonian and essential tremor","volume":"66","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8-1040506","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.12.2342","article-title":"Thalamic stimulation for the treatment of midline tremors in essential tremor patients","volume":"54","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9-1040506","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1063","article-title":"Unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation for refractory essential tremor and Parkinson\u2019s disease tremor","volume":"51","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10-1040506","series-title":"Mov Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10309","article-title":"Long-term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: double-blind assessments","volume":"18","year":"2003"},{"key":"b11-1040506","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.10.1387","article-title":"Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in essential tremor: a six year follow up","volume":"74","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/4\/article-p506.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/4\/article-p506.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/4\/article-p506.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T18:08:58Z","timestamp":1679854138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/4\/article-p506.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2006.104.4.506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}}}