{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:21:11Z","timestamp":1791004871619,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A recently developed model of communicating hydrocephalus suggests that ventricular dilation may be related to the redistribution of pulsations in the cranium from the subarachnoid spaces (SASs) into the ventricles. Based on this model, the authors have developed a method for analyzing flow pulsatility in the brain by using the ratio of aqueductal to cervical subarachnoid stroke volume and the phase of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, which is obtained at multiple locations throughout the cranium, relative to the phase of arterial flow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Flow data were collected in a group of 15 healthy volunteers by using a series of images acquired with cardiac-gated, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>The stroke volume ratio was 5.1 \u00b1 1.8% (mean \u00b1 standard deviation). The phase lag in the aqueduct was \u221252.5 \u00b1 16.5\u00b0 and the phase lag in the prepontine cistern was \u221222.1 \u00b1 8.2\u00b0. The flow phase at the level of C-2 was +5.1 \u00b1 10.5\u00b0, which was consistent with flow synchronous with the arterial pulse. The subarachnoid phase lag ventral to the pons was shown to decrease progressively to zero at the craniocervical junction. Flow in the posterior cervical SAS preceded the anterior space flow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Under normal conditions, pulsatile ventricular CSF flow is a small fraction of the net pulsatile CSF flow in the cranium. A thorough review of the literature supports the view that modified intracranial compliance can lead to redistribution of pulsations and increased intraventricular pulsations. The phase of CSF flow may also reflect the local and global compliance of the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.5.810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:32:55Z","timestamp":1201177975000},"page":"810-819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Amplitude and phase of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: experimental studies and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Wagshul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Egnor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin J.","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia E.","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology, Preventive Medicine, Neurosurgery, and Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1040810","series-title":"Am J Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1967.212.4.840","article-title":"Origin of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations","volume":"212","year":"1967"},{"key":"b2-1040810","series-title":"Invest Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rli.0000100892.87214.49","article-title":"Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and blood dynamics in healthy volunteers and patients with communicating hydrocephalus","volume":"39","year":"2004"},{"key":"b3-1040810","series-title":"Acta Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519403500204","article-title":"Phase-contrast cine MR imaging of normal aqueductal CSF flow. Effect of aging and relation to CSF void on modulus MR","volume":"35","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4-1040810","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-002-0901-0","article-title":"The reversibility of reduced cortical vein compliance in normal-pressure hydrocephalus following shunt insertion","volume":"45","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5-1040810","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1574","article-title":"Vascular compliance in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"21","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6-1040810","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s002340050404","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid pulsation amplitude and its quantitative relationship to cerebral blood flow pulsations: a phase-contrast MR flow imaging study","volume":"39","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7-1040810","series-title":"Mayo Clin Proc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4065\/77.6.507","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and shunt responsiveness in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"77","year":"2002"},{"key":"b8-1040810","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.159.3.3704142","article-title":"Flowing cerebrospinal fluid in normal and hydrocephalic states: appearance on MR images","volume":"159","year":"1986"},{"key":"b9-1040810","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.198.2.8596861","article-title":"Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation with cerebrospinal fluid flow measurements at MR imaging","volume":"198","year":"1996"},{"key":"b10-1040810","series-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200403000-00015","article-title":"Intracranial fluid dynamics in normal and hydrocephalic states: systems analysis with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"28","year":"2004"},{"key":"b11-1040810","series-title":"Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/02841851720130P205","article-title":"Further investigations on pulsatile movements in the cerebrospinal fluid pathways","volume":"13","year":"1972"},{"key":"b12-1040810","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1159\/000050440","article-title":"A model of intracranial pulsations","volume":"35","year":"2001"},{"key":"b13-1040810","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1159\/000063533","article-title":"A model of pulsations in communicating hydrocephalus","volume":"36","year":"2002"},{"key":"b14-1040810","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.40.2.105","article-title":"CSF hydrodynamic studies in man. 1 Method of constant pressure CSF infusion","volume":"40","year":"1977"},{"key":"b15-1040810","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid flow measured by phase-contrast cine MR","volume":"14","year":"1993"},{"key":"b16-1040810","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.163.3.3575734","article-title":"Human brain motion and cerebrospinal fluid circulation demonstrated with MR velocity imaging","volume":"163","year":"1987"},{"key":"b17-1040810","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00588133","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid flow and production in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus studied by MRI","volume":"36","year":"1994"},{"key":"b18-1040810","series-title":"Acta Radiol Suppl","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid circulation and associated intracranial dynamics. A radiologic investigation using MR imaging and radionuclide cisternography","volume":"386","year":"1993"},{"key":"b19-1040810","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"145","article-title":"Radiological assessment of hydrocephalus: new theories and implications for therapy","volume":"27","year":"2004"},{"key":"b20-1040810","series-title":"Neuroradiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00596493","article-title":"Pulsatile brain movement and associated hydrodynamics studied by magnetic resonance phase imaging. The Monro-Kellie doctrine revisited","volume":"34","year":"1992"},{"key":"b21-1040810","series-title":"Magn Reson Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(99)00142-3","article-title":"Origin of subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid pulsations: a phase-contrast MR analysis","volume":"18","year":"2000"},{"key":"b22-1040810","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"534","article-title":"Measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow at the cerebral aqueduct by use of phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: technique validation and utility in diagnosing idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"50","year":"2002"},{"key":"b23-1040810","series-title":"Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.18.6.1074","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"18","year":"1987"},{"key":"b24-1040810","series-title":"Eur Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1697-3","article-title":"Frequency analyses of CSF flow on cine MRI in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"13","year":"2003"},{"key":"b25-1040810","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh131","article-title":"Pattern of white matter regional cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"127","year":"2004"},{"key":"b26-1040810","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30559-X","article-title":"Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging: normal cerebrospinal fluid oscillation and applications to hydrocephalus","volume":"4","year":"1993"},{"key":"b27-1040810","series-title":"Acta Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1080\/028418500127345938","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid flow in the cervical spinal canal in patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"41","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28-1040810","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","first-page":"7","article-title":"Agreement between CSF flow dynamics in MRI and ICP monitoring in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Sensitivity and specificity of CSF dynamics to predict outcome","volume":"81","year":"2002"},{"key":"b29-1040810","series-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2828(90)91459-K","article-title":"Translation of Otto Frank's paper \u201cDie Grundform des Arteriellen Pulses\u201d Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Biologie 37:483\u2013526 (1899)","volume":"22","year":"1990"},{"key":"b30-1040810","series-title":"Neurol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2000.11741033","article-title":"Brain biomechanics: mathematical modeling of hydrocephalus","volume":"22","year":"2000"},{"key":"b31-1040810","series-title":"Radiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.3.2243965","article-title":"Fourier analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow velocities: MR imaging study. The Scandinavian Flow Group","volume":"177","year":"1990"},{"key":"b32-1040810","series-title":"Proc Int Soc Magn Resonan Med","first-page":"2658","article-title":"Characterization of spinal canal hydrodynamics and compliance using bond graph technique and CSF flow measurements by MRI","volume":"11","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/5\/article-p810.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/5\/article-p810.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/5\/article-p810.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T18:06:01Z","timestamp":1679853961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/104\/5\/article-p810.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2006.104.5.810","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}}}