{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:55:43Z","timestamp":1773939343926,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Maximizing intradural exposure via the extreme lateral infrajugular transcondylar\u2013transtubercular exposure (ELITE) approach depends on understanding the fundamental anatomy of the jugular tubercle (JT). Drilling the JT can maximize the extent of exposure achieved with the ELITE approach. Removing the JT is critical for optimizing access to the inferior and midclival areas, vertebrobasilar artery junction, and ventral pons and medulla.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this cadaveric study, the individual structural variations in the JT were evaluated in 100 split occipital bones. The mean length of the JT was 1.65 \u00b1 0.36 cm (range 1.2\u20133 cm); its mean width was 1.15 \u00b1 0.16 cm (range 0.7\u20131.7 cm); and its mean thickness was 0.61 \u00b1 0.15 cm (range 0.2\u20131 cm). The authors analyzed the difference in morphometric data with regard to right and left sides and found no statistically significant difference between the two sides. Furthermore, data from the morphometric study were compared with the results of 20 measurements obtained from three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans. Accordingly, the mean length of the JT was 1.35 \u00b1 0.15 cm (range 1\u20132.8 cm); the mean width, 1.10 \u00b1 0.12 cm (range 0.8\u20131.3 cm); and the mean thickness, 0.51 \u00b1 0.18 cm (range 0.2\u20131 cm).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Morphometric data on the JT contribute significantly to the neurosurgeon\u2019s task of skull base drilling. The 3D CT scans were useful in the preoperative planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.5.753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:43:01Z","timestamp":1201178581000},"page":"753-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Jugular tubercle: morphometric analysis and surgical significance"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Mintelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Sameshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ketan R.","family":"Bulsara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Friedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1050753","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"804","article-title":"Endarterectomy of the intradural vertebral artery via the far lateral approach","volume":"33","year":"1993"},{"key":"b2-1050753","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.1.0049","article-title":"Extreme lateral transcondylar approach: technical improvements and lessons learned","volume":"81","year":"1994"},{"key":"b3-1050753","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199112000-00002","article-title":"The dorsolateral, suboccipital, transcondylar approach to the lower clivus and anterior portion of the craniocervical junction","volume":"29","year":"1991"},{"key":"b4-1050753","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.4.0544","article-title":"Cranial base approaches to posterior circulation aneurysms","volume":"87","year":"1997"},{"key":"b5-1050753","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(85)90042-4","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy of the region of the foramen magnum","volume":"24","year":"1985"},{"key":"b6-1050753","series-title":"Manual of Skull Base Dissection","first-page":"120","year":"1996"},{"key":"b7-1050753","series-title":"Manual of Skull Base Dissection","article-title":"Exercise 10","year":"2004"},{"key":"b8-1050753","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(88)90145-0","article-title":"Lateral approach to the anterior portion of the foramen magnum. 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