{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:22:00Z","timestamp":1791832920627,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"\nObject<\/jats:title>\nLoss of biceps muscle function is a significant disability after brachial plexus root avulsion injuries. Nerve grafting techniques to reestablish anatomical and functional continuity between the spinal cord and the avulsed root have not proven successful. Using nerve transfers for functional restoration of root avulsion injuries appears to be effective and has physiological advantages for reducing regeneration distances. Since the early 1990s, the Oberlin technique of transferring ulnar nerve fascicles to the motor branch of the musculocutaneous nerve has been the preferred operative technique for reinnervation and restoration of biceps muscle function. In the current study the authors examine the efficacy of an alternative technique using median nerve fascicles transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve to reinnervate the biceps muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nForty consecutive patients with combined C5\u20136 brachial plexus root avulsions were evaluated pre- and postoperatively according to the British Medical Research Council Motor Grading Scale. Personal interviews concerning quality of life (QOL) after surgery were conducted and scored based on standards set by the World Health Organization. All patients showed some degree of improvement in biceps muscle function. Thirty-six (90%) of the 40 patients regained movement against gravity. The patients had a 77% improvement in overall QOL after the surgery; most notably, 92% of the patients reported their lack of need for medication and 75% a significant lessening of postoperative pain. Redirection of part of the healthy median nerve resulted in no measurable functional deficits, and only 28 patients reported minor sensory disturbances in the first web space for an average of 3 months after surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusions<\/jats:title>\nMedian nerve fascicle transfer resulted in a significant improvement in biceps muscle function with an acceptable level of morbidity and should be considered an effective, and in many cases preferable, alternative to ulnar nerve fascicle transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.6.830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:41:37Z","timestamp":1201178497000},"page":"830-834","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Physiological and clinical advantages of median nerve fascicle transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve following brachial plexus root avulsion injury"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Rahul K.","family":"Nath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew B.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bietz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-1050830","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200201000-00080","article-title":"Oberlin\u2019s ulnar nerve transfer to the biceps nerve in Erb\u2019s birth palsy","volume":"109","year":"2002"},{"key":"b2-1050830","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199507000-00019","article-title":"Restoration of shoulder abduction by nerve transfer in avulsed brachial plexus injury: evaluation of 99 patients with various nerve transfers","volume":"96","year":"1995"},{"key":"b3-1050830","series-title":"Surgery of the Peripheral Nerve","year":"1988"},{"key":"b4-1050830","series-title":"Hand Clin","first-page":"643","article-title":"Nerve transfers. New options for reconstruction following nerve injury","volume":"15","year":"1999"},{"key":"b5-1050830","series-title":"Hand Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810403001352","article-title":"End-to-side nerve suture in clinical practice","volume":"8","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"b6-1050830","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Nerve transfers for severe brachial plexus injuries: a review","volume":"16","year":"2004"},{"key":"b7-1050830","series-title":"Hand Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00507-2","article-title":"Nerve transfers in the upper extremity","volume":"16","year":"2000"},{"key":"b8-1050830","series-title":"Microsurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20037","article-title":"Oberlin\u2019s ulnar nerve transfer to the biceps motor nerve in obstetric brachial plexus palsy: indications, and good and bad results","volume":"24","year":"2004"},{"key":"b9-1050830","series-title":"J Hand Surg [Am]","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90011-6","article-title":"Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of ulnar nerve for C5-C6 avulsion of the brachial plexus: anatomical study and report of four cases","volume":"19","year":"1994"},{"key":"b10-1050830","series-title":"Acta Chir Iugosl","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2298\/ACI0301033R","article-title":"[Nerve transfer in brachial plexus injuries\u2014comparative analysis of surgical procedures.]","volume":"50","year":"2003"},{"key":"b11-1050830","series-title":"Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves","year":"1975"},{"key":"b12-1050830","series-title":"Brain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/68.4.243","article-title":"The intraneural topography of the radial, median and ulnar nerves","volume":"68","year":"1945"},{"key":"b13-1050830","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.2.0313","article-title":"Nerve transfers to the biceps and brachialis branches to improve elbow flexion strength after brachial plexus injuries","volume":"98","year":"2003"},{"key":"b14-1050830","series-title":"Hand Clin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00617-X","article-title":"The importance of internal anatomy of the peripheral nerves to nerve repair in the forearm and hand","volume":"2","year":"1986"},{"key":"b15-1050830","series-title":"WHOQOL-BREF"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/6\/article-p830.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/6\/article-p830.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/6\/article-p830.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T09:47:10Z","timestamp":1709977630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/6\/article-p830.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2006.105.6.830","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}