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This study was designed to examine the effects of an adenosine A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor agonist, (2(4-[2-carboxyethyl]phenyl)ethylamino)-5\u2032-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680), in the prevention of SAH-induced vasospasm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Experimental SAH was induced in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats by injecting 0.3 ml of autologous blood into the cisterna magna of each animal. Intraperitoneal injections of CGS 21680 or vehicle were administered 5 minutes and 24 hours after induction of SAH. The degree of vasospasm was determined by averaging measurements of cross-sectional areas of the basilar artery (BA) 48 hours after SAH. Expression of eNOS and iNOS in the BA was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Prior to perfusion\u2013fixation, there were no significant differences among animals in the control and treated groups in any physiological parameter that was recorded. The CGS 21680 treatment significantly attenuated SAH-induced vasospasm. Induction of iNOS mRNA and protein in the BA by the SAH was significantly diminished by administration of CGS 21680. The SAH-induced suppression of eNOS mRNA and protein was also relieved by the CGS 21680 treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is the first evidence that adenosine A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor agonism is effective in preventing SAH-induced vasospasm without significant complications. The beneficial effect of adenosine A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor agonists may be, at least in part, related to the prevention of augmented expression of iNOS and the preservation of normal eNOS expression following SAH. Adenosine A<jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub> receptor agonism holds promise in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm following SAH and merits further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.3.436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1201178876000},"page":"436-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Attenuation of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage\u2013induced cerebral vasospasm by the adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Chih-Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huei-Chuan","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Mei-Ho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, Republic of China; 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