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Following lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI), the authors tested the effects of HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatment as well as enhanced normobaric oxygenation on mitochondrial function, as measured by both cognitive recovery and cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adult male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were subjected to moderate lateral FPI or sham injury and were allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) FPI treated with 4 hours of normobaric 30% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 2) FPI treated with 4 hours of normobaric 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 3) FPI treated with 1 hour of HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> plus 3 hours of normobaric 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; and 4) sham-injured treated with normobaric 30% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Cognitive outcome was assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) on Days 11 to 15 after injury. Animals were then killed 21 days postinjury to assess hippocampal neuronal loss. Adenosine triphosphate was extracted from the neocortex and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that injured animals treated with HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or normobaric 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> alone had significantly higher levels of cerebral ATP as compared with animals treated using normobaric 30% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (p \u2264 0.05). The injured animals treated with HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> had significant improvements in cognitive recovery, as characterized by a shorter latency in MWM performance (p \u2264 0.05), and decreased neuronal loss in the CA2\/3 and hilar regions as compared with those treated with 30% or 100% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (p \u2264 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia increased cerebral ATP levels after lateral FPI. In addition, HBO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatment improved cognitive recovery and reduced hippocampal neuronal cell loss after brain injury in the rat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2007.106.4.687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:50:27Z","timestamp":1201179027000},"page":"687-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Protection of mitochondrial function and improvement in cognitive recovery in rats treated with hyperbaric oxygen following lateral fluid-percussion injury"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Zhengwen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilson P.","family":"Daugherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Levasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Altememi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaylan L.","family":"Rockswold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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