{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:00:26Z","timestamp":1776420026493,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of spina bifida occulta in radiographs of children with lower urinary tract or bowel dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The authors prospectively investigated the presence of spinal cord abnormalities in 176 patients with functional urinary and bowel problems: 88 children with radiographic evidence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) and 88 age-and sex-matched controls. Each group included 46 boys and 42 girls (age range 5\u201314 years). Nocturnal enuresis, isolated diurnal enuresis, enuresis during both day and night, urinary tract infection, urinary frequency, encopresis, intractable constipation, and vesicoureteral reflux were assessed in all patients. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in all patients and evaluated for spinal cord abnormalities. Sacral ratios (SRs) were calculated on the basis of plain radiographs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups on any of the clinical measures. The most common sites of SBO on radiographs were the S-1 (47%) and L-5 and S-1 (25%). The mean SRs (\u00b1 standard deviations) in the SBO and control groups, respectively, were 0.64 \u00b1 0.45 and 0.68 \u00b1 0.51 (no statistically significant difference). Sacral agenesis was found in 17 children (7 in the SBO group and 10 in the control group, p = 0.44). Abnormal MR imaging findings were observed in 9 children (10.22%) in the SBO group and 3 (3.4%) in the control group. Abnormalities included tethered spinal cord in 5 children, syringomyelia in 4, and club-shaped conus in 2. No significant association was found between the presence of SBO and spinal cord abnormalities identified on MR images (p = 0.13, paired t-test).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among children with functional bowel and urinary problems, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of abnormal spinal MR imaging findings in those with radiographic SBO and an age- and sex-matched control group. Spina bifida occulta was not shown to be a reliable indicator of spinal cord structural abnormalities. Its probable role as a finding associated with spinal cord dysfunction remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/ped\/2008\/1\/2\/114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,4]],"date-time":"2008-02-04T13:33:36Z","timestamp":1202132016000},"page":"114-117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spina bifida occulta: is it a predictor of underlying spinal cord abnormality in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Farideh","family":"Nejat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Radmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Tajik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences\/Tehran University, Tehran, Iran and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdolmohammad","family":"Kajbafzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa El","family":"Khashab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0010114","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"533","article-title":"MR imaging of spinal dysraphism","volume":"8","author":"Altman","year":"1987"},{"key":"b2-0010114","series-title":"Clin Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(85)80100-8","article-title":"Spina bifida occulta: lesion or anomaly?","volume":"36","author":"Boone","year":"1985"},{"key":"b3-0010114","series-title":"Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1761","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome in occult spinal dysraphism: timing and outcome of surgical release","volume":"50","author":"Cornette","year":"1998"},{"key":"b4-0010114","series-title":"Br J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1989.tb05116.x","article-title":"Neurological defects of the voiding reflex arcs in chronic urinary retention and their relation to spina bifida occulta","volume":"63","author":"Fidas","year":"1989"},{"key":"b5-0010114","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6670.357","article-title":"Prevalence of spina bifida occulta in patients with functional disorders of the lower urinary tract and its relation to urodynamic and neurophysiological measurements","volume":"298","author":"Fidas","year":"1989"},{"key":"b6-0010114","series-title":"Clin Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(87)80150-2","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of spina bifida occulta in 2707 normal adults","volume":"38","author":"Fidas","year":"1987"},{"key":"b7-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65216-9","article-title":"Urodynamic findings in the tethered spinal cord syndrome: does surgical release improve bladder dysfunction?","volume":"157","author":"Fone","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8-0010114","series-title":"Br J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1985.tb06410.x","article-title":"Minor defects of the sacrum and neurogenic bladder dysfunction","volume":"57","author":"Galloway","year":"1985"},{"key":"b9-0010114","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.79.1.33","article-title":"Bladder dysfunction and neurological disability at presentation in closed spina bifida","volume":"79","author":"Johnson","year":"1998"},{"key":"b10-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39481-8","article-title":"Occult spinal dysraphism: clinical and urodynamic outcome after division of the filum terminale","volume":"144","author":"Khoury","year":"1990"},{"key":"b11-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65606-4","article-title":"Value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spinal cord in patients with voiding dysfunction","volume":"156","author":"Mak","year":"1996"},{"key":"b12-0010114","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199305000-00009","article-title":"Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations","volume":"32","author":"Pang","year":"1993"},{"key":"b13-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62702-2","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in children with voiding dysfunction: is it indicated?","volume":"160","author":"Pippi Salle","year":"1998"},{"key":"b14-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32718-0","article-title":"Significance of spina bifida occulta in children with diurnal enuresis","volume":"152","author":"Ritchey","year":"1994"},{"key":"b15-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000110633.88479.3f","article-title":"Is spina bifida occulta associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction in children?","volume":"171","author":"Samuel","year":"2004"},{"key":"b16-0010114","series-title":"J Urol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)67154-4","article-title":"The effects of delayed diagnosis and treatment in patients with an occult spinal dysraphism","volume":"154","author":"Satar","year":"1995"},{"key":"b17-0010114","series-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb","first-page":"221","article-title":"Constipation and spina bifida occulta: is there an association?","volume":"39","author":"Thorpe","year":"1994"},{"key":"b18-0010114","series-title":"Arch Dis Child","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.87.2.151","article-title":"Investigation of daytime wetting: when is spinal cord imaging is indicated?","volume":"87","author":"Wraige","year":"2002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/1\/2\/article-p114.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/1\/2\/article-p114.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/1\/2\/article-p114.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T14:44:27Z","timestamp":1681569867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/1\/2\/article-p114.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/ped\/2008\/1\/2\/114","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}}}