{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:54:57Z","timestamp":1782266097963,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PED"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infantile or capillary hemangioma is the most common vascular tumor of childhood. The tumors most frequently affect the head and neck area, but rare cases of intracranial lesions have been reported. Their natural history is marked by initial rapid growth velocity followed by a plateau and, in most cases, subsequent involution. Although the lesions are considered benign, 10% of affected children develop life-threatening complications (mortality rate 20\u201380% in this subgroup). When surgical intervention or other methods of local control are not possible, therapeutic options are limited. Corticosteroids have been the mainstay of therapy but therapeutic response is not predictable and the infectious risk is not negligible. Interferon \u03b1-2a may also be effective but has significant toxicities.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hemangiomas, and antiangiogenesis agents are being evaluated in the treatment of these tumors. Thalidomide may be an ideal therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas because it inhibits new blood vessel formation by antagonizing both the bFGF and VEGF pathways and has a more acceptable toxicity profile than other agents. The authors present the case of an infant born with a life-threatening, unresectable intracranial hemangioma in which treatment with thalidomide resulted in a good clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/ped\/2008\/2\/8\/125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,31]],"date-time":"2008-07-31T23:31:47Z","timestamp":1217547107000},"page":"125-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Use of thalidomide to diminish growth velocity in a life-threatening congenital intracranial hemangioma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Frei-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"McKinstry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Sung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0020125","series-title":"J Pediatr","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70034-4","article-title":"Spastic diplegia as a complication of interferon Alfa-2a treatment of hemangiomas of infancy","volume":"132","author":"Barlow","year":"1998"},{"key":"b2-0020125","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-006-0115-6","article-title":"A report of nine newborns with congenital brain tumors","volume":"22","author":"Carstensen","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3-0020125","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4082","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.4082","article-title":"Thalidomide is an inhibitor of angiogenesis","volume":"91","author":"D'Amato","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4-0020125","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205283262203","article-title":"Interferon alfa-2a therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy","volume":"326","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"1992"},{"key":"b5-0020125","series-title":"J Pediatr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(83)80043-8","article-title":"Congenital vascular lesions: clinical application of a new classification","volume":"18","author":"Finn","year":"1983"},{"key":"b6-0020125","series-title":"N Engl J Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332608","article-title":"Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. 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