{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:24:06Z","timestamp":1785493446277,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    <jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) is used with increasing frequency by craniofacial surgeons for building facial and skull base structures and by neurosurgeons for cranioplasty. Failures of HAC in cranioplasty have been attributed to breakage due to subjacent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations through the dura mater. The authors describe a technique that involves inserting a resorbable MacroPore perforated plate to dampen CSF pulsations and then pouring HAC over the plate to fill a cranial defect and complete skull contouring.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Fifteen children ranging in age from 2 to 9.5 years were included in the study; the size of the skull defects in these patients ranged from 6.25 to 42.5 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with a mean of 20.65 cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Patients in whom the combined MacroPore\u2014HAC devices were implanted underwent follow-up examinations that included serial skull radiography and computerized tomography scans. No fractures of the implants were demonstrated. At 6 months postsurgery, small fingerlings of new bone growth appeared in the underside of the HAC plate, probably spanning from the dura through perforations in the MacroPore plate. At intervals ranging from 18 months to 20 years after implantation, the gaps between cranial bone edges and that the HAC began to blur, culminating in the complete bonding of host bone with the margin of the HAC plate. All implants remained radiopaque and maintained size, thickness, and shape.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The findings of this study are promising and indicate that the combined use of HAC and a bioresorbable undercarriage that is osteoconductive, such as the MacroPore perforated plate, may produce a versatile and lasting cranioplasty in children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2005.102.1.0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T06:01:06Z","timestamp":1282888866000},"page":"36-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The combined use of hydroxyapatite and bioresorbable plates to repair cranial defects in children"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Dachling","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman H.","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marike","family":"Zwienenberg-Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Zovickian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Biomaterials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(95)00327-4","article-title":"New bioresorbable pin for the reduction of small bony fragments: design, mechanical properties and in vitro degradation.","volume":"17","author":"Claes","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.107679","article-title":"Applications of fast-setting hydroxyapatite cement: cranioplasty.","volume":"123","author":"Costantino","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30622-8","article-title":"Synthetic bone graft substitutes.","volume":"27","author":"Costantino","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199290020-00003","article-title":"Experimental hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty.","volume":"90","author":"Costantino","year":"1992"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.30575","article-title":"Titanium mesh and hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty: a report of 20 cases.","volume":"60","author":"Ducic","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200301000-00015","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite cranioplasty: I. Experimental results from a new quick-setting material.","volume":"14","author":"Eppley","year":"2003"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199405000-00012","article-title":"Effects of resorbable fixation on craniofacial skeletal growth: modifications in plate size.","volume":"5","author":"Eppley","year":"1994"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199808000-00004","article-title":"Biomechanical and histological evaluation of a calcium phosphate cement.","volume":"80","author":"Frankenburg","year":"1998"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1991.01870160039005","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite cement. II. Obliteration and reconstruction of the cat frontal sinus.","volume":"117","author":"Friedman","year":"1991"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Facial Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064302","article-title":"Current use of bone substitutes in maxillofacial surgery.","volume":"15","author":"Govindaraj","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg (Spine)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2001.95.2.0215","article-title":"Comparison of the biomechanics of hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in a cadaveric spinal compression fracture model.","volume":"95","author":"Hitchon","year":"2001"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00151034","article-title":"Properties and mechanisms of fast setting calcium phosphate cements.","volume":"6","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1995"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"232","article-title":"Cranial base reconstruction after transsphenoidal surgery with bioabsorbable implants.","volume":"48","author":"Kaptain","year":"2001"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199810000-00134","article-title":"Failure of hydroxyapatite cement to set in repair of a cranial defect: case report.","volume":"43","author":"Maniker","year":"1998"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200207000-00001","article-title":"A contraindication for the use of hydroxyapatite cement in the pediatric population.","volume":"110","author":"Matic","year":"2002"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1972.04180090036009","article-title":"Repair of skull defects with autogenous bone.","volume":"105","author":"Nickell","year":"1972"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880140069012","article-title":"Facial skeletal augmentation using hydroxyapatite cement.","volume":"119","author":"Shindo","year":"1993"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Biomaterials","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(95)00327-4","article-title":"New bioresorbable pin for the reduction of small bony fragments: design, mechanical properties and in vitro degradation.","volume":"17","author":"Claes","year":"1996"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2000.107679","article-title":"Applications of fast-setting hydroxyapatite cement: cranioplasty.","volume":"123","author":"Costantino","year":"2000"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(20)30622-8","article-title":"Synthetic bone graft substitutes.","volume":"27","author":"Costantino","year":"1994"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199290020-00003","article-title":"Experimental hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty.","volume":"90","author":"Costantino","year":"1992"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2002.30575","article-title":"Titanium mesh and hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty: a report of 20 cases.","volume":"60","author":"Ducic","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200301000-00015","article-title":"Hydroxyapatite cranioplasty: I. 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Obliteration and reconstruction of the cat frontal sinus.","volume":"117","author":"Friedman","year":"1991"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Facial Plast Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1064302","article-title":"Current use of bone substitutes in maxillofacial surgery.","volume":"15","author":"Govindaraj","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg (Spine)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2001.95.2.0215","article-title":"Comparison of the biomechanics of hydroxyapatite and polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in a cadaveric spinal compression fracture model.","volume":"95","author":"Hitchon","year":"2001"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00151034","article-title":"Properties and mechanisms of fast setting calcium phosphate cements.","volume":"6","author":"Ishikawa","year":"1995"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"232","article-title":"Cranial base reconstruction after transsphenoidal surgery with bioabsorbable implants.","volume":"48","author":"Kaptain","year":"2001"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199810000-00134","article-title":"Failure of hydroxyapatite cement to set in repair of a cranial defect: case report.","volume":"43","author":"Maniker","year":"1998"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200207000-00001","article-title":"A contraindication for the use of hydroxyapatite cement in the pediatric population.","volume":"110","author":"Matic","year":"2002"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Arch Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1972.04180090036009","article-title":"Repair of skull defects with autogenous bone.","volume":"105","author":"Nickell","year":"1972"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1993.01880140069012","article-title":"Facial skeletal augmentation using hydroxyapatite cement.","volume":"119","author":"Shindo","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/102\/1\/article-p36.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/102\/1\/article-p36.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/102\/1\/article-p36.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:18:55Z","timestamp":1782209935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/102\/1\/article-p36.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/ped.2005.102.1.0036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}