{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T10:48:42Z","timestamp":1782211722235,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    <jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Spinal deformities are significant problems in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The treatment of their spasticity by selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) may worsen or improve these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of and change in degree of thoracolumbar scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis in children who have undergone SDR.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    <jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic>\n                    A retrospective review was conducted of children younger than 18 years of age, who had undergone SDR at British Columbia's Children's Hospital from 1987 to 2001 and in whom preoperative and postoperative spine radiographs have been obtained. Angles for thoracolumbar scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were measured.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">The study group comprised 105 patients. The mean age at surgery was 5.2 years (range 2.7\u201314.6 years), with a mean time to most recent follow-up radiographs of 4.3 years (1\u201313.6 years). Sixty-two children had spastic diplegia (59%), 34 spastic quadriplegia (32%), and nine quadriplegia and intellectual delay (9%). A total of 104 children underwent laminoplasty with replacement of the laminae, usually from L-1 to S-1 and 54.8% of children had scoliosis at last follow up, with 25% having worsening of 10\u00b0 or more. The incidence of abnormal kyphosis at the last follow-up visit was 38.6%, with 31.8% having worsening of 15\u00b0 or more. The incidence of hyperlordosis at last follow up was 21.3%, with 36% having worsening of 15\u00b0 or more. The factors in this series impacting development of spinal deformities have been analyzed and are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic>\n                    The relatively high incidence of spinal deformity in children who have undergone SDR via multilevel lumbosacral laminoplasties should raise some concern.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2005.102.4.0363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T06:01:09Z","timestamp":1282888869000},"page":"363-373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Spinal deformities after selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Steinbok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tufan","family":"Hicdonmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonita","family":"Sawatzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Beauchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Wickenheiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000120640","article-title":"Complications with selective posterior rhizotomy.","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1992"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000120656","article-title":"Osteoplastic laminotomy in children.","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271889","article-title":"Selective posterior rhizotomy for the treatment of spasticity: a review.","volume":"5","author":"Abbott","year":"1989"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"851","article-title":"Selective dorsal rhizotomy: outcome and complications in treating spastic cerebral palsy.","volume":"33","author":"Abbott","year":"1993"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"134","article-title":"The incidence and treatment of scoliosis in cerebral palsy.","volume":"52","author":"Balmer","year":"1970"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199402001-00005","article-title":"Spinal deformity after multiple-level cervical laminectomy in children.","volume":"19","author":"Bell","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity.","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658030-00006","article-title":"Thoracolumbar scoliosis in cerebral palsy. Results of surgical treatment.","volume":"58","author":"Bonnett","year":"1976"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262853","article-title":"Laminotomy: a technical note.","volume":"8","author":"Cochrane","year":"1992"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199605000-00008","article-title":"Severe lumbar lordosis after dorsal rhizotomy.","volume":"16","author":"Crawford","year":"1996"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198111000-00009","article-title":"Scoliosis in the institutionalized cerebral palsy population.","volume":"6","author":"Madigan","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707010-00007","article-title":"Natural history of scoliosis in the institutionalized adult cerebral palsy population.","volume":"22","author":"Majd","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"755","article-title":"The role of selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy: critical evaluation of a prospective clinical series.","volume":"36","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1994"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199907000-00007","article-title":"Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in patients with cerebral palsy.","volume":"364","author":"Mooney","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.10.974","article-title":"Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy.","volume":"80","author":"Palisano","year":"2000"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702150-00019","article-title":"Spinal column deformity and instability after lumbar or thoracolumbar laminectomy for intraspinal tumors in children and young adults.","volume":"22","author":"Papagelopoulos","year":"1997"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389100600219","article-title":"Selective posterior rhizotomy: further comments.","volume":"6","author":"Peacock","year":"1991"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262263","article-title":"Incidence of spinal deformity in children after multiple level laminectomy for selective posterior rhizotomy.","volume":"6","author":"Peter","year":"1990"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"499","article-title":"Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy.","volume":"53","author":"Piatt","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198307000-00013","article-title":"Radiographic determination of lordosis and kyphosis in normal and scoliotic children.","volume":"3","author":"Propst-Proctor","year":"1983"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.5.0555","article-title":"Laminotomy and total reconstruction of the posterior spinal arch for spinal canal surgery in childhood.","volume":"45","author":"Raimondi","year":"1976"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"447","article-title":"The prevalence of scoliosis in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy.","volume":"10","author":"Robson","year":"1968"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"664","article-title":"The occurrence of scoliosis in cerebral palsy.","volume":"16","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1974"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01302-6","article-title":"Natural history of scoliosis in spastic cerebral palsy.","volume":"351","author":"Saito","year":"1998"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199105000-00002","article-title":"Analysis and prevention of spinal column deformity following cervical laminectomy. 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Pathogenetic analysis of postlaminectomy deformities.","volume":"16","author":"Saito","year":"1991"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000067088.99346.73","article-title":"Maintenance of sagittal plane alignment after surgical correction of spinal deformity in patients with cerebral palsy.","volume":"28","author":"Sink","year":"2003"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200010000-00015","article-title":"Isolated thoracolumbar and lumbar hyperlordosis in a patient with cerebral palsy.","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013722","article-title":"Outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy.","volume":"17","author":"Steinbok","year":"2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.1.0018","article-title":"Relationship of intraoperative electrophysiological criteria to outcome after selective functional posterior rhizotomy.","volume":"83","author":"Steinbok","year":"1995"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000048369","article-title":"Comparison of motor outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy with and without preoperative intensified physiotherapy in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.","volume":"36","author":"Steinbok","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000120639","article-title":"Selective functional posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spastic cerebral palsy in children. Review of 50 consecutive cases.","volume":"18","author":"Steinbok","year":"1992"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"178","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial to compare selective posterior rhizotomy plus physiotherapy with physiotherapy alone in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.","volume":"39","author":"Steinbok","year":"1997"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1159\/000028668","article-title":"Complications after selective posterior rhizotomy for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.","volume":"28","author":"Steinbok","year":"1998"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870090-00002","article-title":"Progression of scoliosis after skeletal maturity in institutionalized adults who have cerebral palsy.","volume":"70","author":"Thometz","year":"1988"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200001000-00021","article-title":"The risk of spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy.","volume":"20","author":"Turi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.4.0441","article-title":"Incidence of spinal column deformity after multilevel laminectomy in children and adults.","volume":"57","author":"Yasuoka","year":"1982"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000050444","article-title":"Spinal sagittal malalignment following surgery for primary intramedullary tumors in children.","volume":"35","author":"Yeh","year":"2001"},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000120640","article-title":"Complications with selective posterior rhizotomy.","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1992"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1159\/000120656","article-title":"Osteoplastic laminotomy in children.","volume":"18","author":"Abbott","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00271889","article-title":"Selective posterior rhizotomy for the treatment of spasticity: a review.","volume":"5","author":"Abbott","year":"1989"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"851","article-title":"Selective dorsal rhizotomy: outcome and complications in treating spastic cerebral palsy.","volume":"33","author":"Abbott","year":"1993"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","first-page":"134","article-title":"The incidence and treatment of scoliosis in cerebral palsy.","volume":"52","author":"Balmer","year":"1970"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199402001-00005","article-title":"Spinal deformity after multiple-level cervical laminectomy in children.","volume":"19","author":"Bell","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","article-title":"Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity.","volume":"67","author":"Bohannon","year":"1987"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658030-00006","article-title":"Thoracolumbar scoliosis in cerebral palsy. Results of surgical treatment.","volume":"58","author":"Bonnett","year":"1976"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262853","article-title":"Laminotomy: a technical note.","volume":"8","author":"Cochrane","year":"1992"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199605000-00008","article-title":"Severe lumbar lordosis after dorsal rhizotomy.","volume":"16","author":"Crawford","year":"1996"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198111000-00009","article-title":"Scoliosis in the institutionalized cerebral palsy population.","volume":"6","author":"Madigan","year":"1981"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199707010-00007","article-title":"Natural history of scoliosis in the institutionalized adult cerebral palsy population.","volume":"22","author":"Majd","year":"1997"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"755","article-title":"The role of selective dorsal rhizotomy in cerebral palsy: critical evaluation of a prospective clinical series.","volume":"36","author":"McLaughlin","year":"1994"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Clin Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199907000-00007","article-title":"Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in patients with cerebral palsy.","volume":"364","author":"Mooney","year":"1999"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Phys Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.10.974","article-title":"Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy.","volume":"80","author":"Palisano","year":"2000"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199702150-00019","article-title":"Spinal column deformity and instability after lumbar or thoracolumbar laminectomy for intraspinal tumors in children and young adults.","volume":"22","author":"Papagelopoulos","year":"1997"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Child Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389100600219","article-title":"Selective posterior rhizotomy: further comments.","volume":"6","author":"Peacock","year":"1991"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00262263","article-title":"Incidence of spinal deformity in children after multiple level laminectomy for selective posterior rhizotomy.","volume":"6","author":"Peter","year":"1990"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"499","article-title":"Spinal deformity after selective dorsal rhizotomy in ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy.","volume":"53","author":"Piatt","year":"2003"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198307000-00013","article-title":"Radiographic determination of lordosis and kyphosis in normal and scoliotic children.","volume":"3","author":"Propst-Proctor","year":"1983"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.5.0555","article-title":"Laminotomy and total reconstruction of the posterior spinal arch for spinal canal surgery in childhood.","volume":"45","author":"Raimondi","year":"1976"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"447","article-title":"The prevalence of scoliosis in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy.","volume":"10","author":"Robson","year":"1968"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol","first-page":"664","article-title":"The occurrence of scoliosis in cerebral palsy.","volume":"16","author":"Rosenthal","year":"1974"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01302-6","article-title":"Natural history of scoliosis in spastic cerebral palsy.","volume":"351","author":"Saito","year":"1998"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199105000-00002","article-title":"Analysis and prevention of spinal column deformity following cervical laminectomy. I. Pathogenetic analysis of postlaminectomy deformities.","volume":"16","author":"Saito","year":"1991"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000067088.99346.73","article-title":"Maintenance of sagittal plane alignment after surgical correction of spinal deformity in patients with cerebral palsy.","volume":"28","author":"Sink","year":"2003"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200010000-00015","article-title":"Isolated thoracolumbar and lumbar hyperlordosis in a patient with cerebral palsy.","volume":"13","author":"Song","year":"2000"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013722","article-title":"Outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy.","volume":"17","author":"Steinbok","year":"2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.1.0018","article-title":"Relationship of intraoperative electrophysiological criteria to outcome after selective functional posterior rhizotomy.","volume":"83","author":"Steinbok","year":"1995"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000048369","article-title":"Comparison of motor outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy with and without preoperative intensified physiotherapy in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.","volume":"36","author":"Steinbok","year":"2002"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000120639","article-title":"Selective functional posterior rhizotomy for treatment of spastic cerebral palsy in children. 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