{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:35:51Z","timestamp":1792283751448,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"\n \n Object<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:title>\n The cause of failed endoscopic third vetriculostomy (ETV) surgery in the treatment of hydrocephalus may be a poor absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or a new or continuing obstruction of CSF pathways. Particularly in infants, ETV failures often are ascribed to a still poorly developed CSF absorptive capacity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n Methods<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:title>\n The authors report on a series of 11 infants younger than 1 year of age undergoing at least one repeated endoscopic surgery after a failed initial ETV for aqueductal stenosis. The following three patterns of endoscopic findings were observed: 1) reclosure of the ventriculostoma; 2) narrowing of the ventriculostoma; and 3) patent ventriculostoma with new arachnoid membranes in the basal cisterns below the floor of the third ventricle, not present at the time of the first ETV. In all patients, a new obstruction of CSF pathways was seen during repeated ETV or shunt surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:title>\n The authors' data strongly suggest that CSF pathway reclosure is the factor most responsible for ETV failure in obstructive hydrocephalus. According to both their experiences and to studies published in the literature, the formation of new arachnoid membranes or scars plays a far greater role in ETV failure than does poor CSF absorption, at least in aqueductal stenosis. It is hypothesized that infants have a higher tendency to form new arachnoid membranes than do older patients and that this factor may explain (at least in part) the higher ETV failure rate in patients younger than 1 year old.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/ped.2005.103.1.0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,27]],"date-time":"2010-08-27T06:01:30Z","timestamp":1282888890000},"page":"43-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Mechanisms of failure after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in young infants"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothee","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.3.0478","article-title":"Ventricular shunt removal: the ultimate treatment of the slit ventricle syndrome.","volume":"88","author":"Baskin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000028693","article-title":"Neuroendoscopic third ventriculostomy in patients less than 1 year old.","volume":"29","author":"Buxton","year":"1998"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050461","article-title":"Alternatives to shunting.","volume":"15","author":"Cinalli","year":"1999"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.90.3.0448","article-title":"Failure of third ventriculostomy in the treatment of aqueductal stenosis in children.","volume":"90","author":"Cinalli","year":"1999"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg","first-page":"S52","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus in the pediatric population: evaluation of outcome.","volume":"11","author":"Elbabaa","year":"2001"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000028624","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy: MR assessment of patency with 2-D cine phase-contrast versus T2-weighted fast spin echo technique.","volume":"28","author":"Fischbein","year":"1998"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(02)00773-5","article-title":"Clinical features of third ventriculostomy failures classified by fenestration patency.","volume":"58","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2002"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200005000-00015","article-title":"Risk factors for failure of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus.","volume":"46","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2000"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1560","article-title":"Third ventriculostomy patency: comparison of findings at cine phase- contrast MR imaging and at direct exploration.","volume":"20","author":"Fukuhara","year":"1999"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000121242","article-title":"Treatment of hydrocephalus with third ventriculocisternostomy: outcome and CSF flow patterns.","volume":"27","author":"Goumnerova","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus. An Analysis of Indications, Techniques and Results.","first-page":"195","article-title":"Repeat endoscopic third ventriculostomy: is it useful?","author":"Grotenhuis","year":"2000"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-37957","article-title":"The role of third ventriculostomy in the management of obstructive hydrocephalus.","volume":"46","author":"Grunert","year":"2003"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-11377","article-title":"Clinical features in patients requiring reoperation after failed endoscopic procedures for hydrocephalus.","volume":"43","author":"Hayashi","year":"2000"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1159\/000050406","article-title":"The impact of endoscopic third ventriculostomy on the management of newly diagnosed 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