{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:20:46Z","timestamp":1790857246209,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Object<\/jats:title><jats:p>The angiosome concept has been the subject of extensive research by the senior author (G.I.T.), but its specific applicability to the spinal cord was hitherto unknown. The aim of this study was to see if the spinal cord vasculature followed the angiosome concept and to review the usefulness of preoperative spinal angiography in surgery for spinal disorders. Spinal cord infarction and permanent paraplegia may result from inadvertent interruption of the artery of Adamkiewicz. Spinal angiography, which may enable avoidance of this catastrophic complication, is still not commonly used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two fresh cadavers were injected with a gelatin\u2013lead oxide mixture for detailed comparative study of spinal cord vasculature. One cadaver had insignificant vascular disease, whereas the other had extensive aortic atherosclerosis, presenting a unique opportunity for study. After removal from each cadaver, radiographs of the spinal cords were obtained, then photographed, and the vascular territories of the cords were defined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four angiosome territories were defined: vertebral, subclavian, posterior intercostal, and lumbar. These vascular territories were joined longitudinally by true anastomotic channels along the anterior and posterior spinal cord. Anastomosis between the anterior and posterior vasculature was poor in the thoracolumbar region. The anterior cord relied on fewer feeder arteries than the posterior, and the anterior thoracolumbar cord depended on the artery of Adamkiewicz for its supply. In chronic aortic disease with intercostal artery occlusion at multiple levels, a rich collateral circulation supporting the spinal cord was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The arterial supply of the spinal cord follows the angiosome concept. The atherosclerotic specimen supports the suggestion that the blood supply is able to adapt to gradual vascular occlusion through development of a collateral circulation. Nevertheless, the spinal cord is susceptible to ischemia when faced with acute vascular occlusion. This includes inadvertent interruption of the artery of Adamkiewicz. The authors recommend the use of preoperative spinal angiography to prevent possible paraplegia in removal of thoracolumbar spinal tumors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/spi\/2008\/8\/4\/352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]],"date-time":"2008-03-31T18:14:38Z","timestamp":1206987278000},"page":"352-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The angiosome territories of the spinal cord: exploring the issue of preoperative spinal angiography"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Michael K.-Y.","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Research Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew K.-H.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Research Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ren","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Research Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Research Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Ian","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1The Jack Brockhoff Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Research Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Melbourne; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0080352","first-page":"101","volume":"85","author":"Adamkiewicz AW","year":"1882","journal-title":"Classe"},{"issue":"8","key":"b2-0080352","first-page":"S365","volume":"16","author":"Apel DM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"b3-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199802010-00008"},{"key":"b4-0080352","volume-title":"Biomechanics of the Central Nervous System; Some Basic Normal and Pathologic Phenomena","author":"Breig A","year":"1960"},{"key":"b5-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.1997.11719460","volume":"20","author":"Castro-Moure F","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"b6-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03370-2","volume":"73","author":"Coselli JS","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"b7-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(96)01029-6","volume":"63","author":"Coselli JS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"b8-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(97)00618-8","volume":"64","author":"Coselli JS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"b9-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-3668-3","volume-title":"The Blood Supply of the Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord in Man","author":"Crock HV","year":"1977"},{"key":"b10-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199912000-00021","volume":"104","author":"Dhar SC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b11-0080352","volume-title":"The Arteries and Veins of the Human Spinal Cord from Birth","author":"Dommisse GF","year":"1974"},{"key":"b12-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(69)80171-6"},{"key":"b13-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901100104"},{"key":"b14-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70133-2"},{"key":"b15-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000221075.91038.08","volume":"118","author":"Hong MK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b16-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200006000-00001","volume":"105","author":"Houseman ND","year":"2000","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b17-0080352","volume-title":"A Treatise on the Blood, Inflammation and Gunshot Wounds","author":"Hunter J","year":"1840"},{"key":"b18-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199608000-00001","volume":"98","author":"Inoue Y","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b19-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.41.3.0356"},{"key":"b20-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2004.02.085"},{"key":"b21-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2002.120378"},{"key":"b22-0080352","first-page":"13","volume":"24","author":"Kudo K","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"b23-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.35.3.0253"},{"key":"b24-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000091162.25751.6B","volume":"112","author":"Levy SM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b25-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00658.x","volume":"85","author":"Lintott P","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"b26-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100906"},{"key":"b27-0080352","volume-title":"Anatomische Beschreibung der Blutgef\u00e4sse des menschlichen Korpers","author":"Mayer JCA","year":"1788"},{"key":"b28-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198601000-00023","volume":"77","author":"Rees MJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b29-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(96)00199-1"},{"key":"b30-0080352","volume-title":"Les Art\u00e8res des Muscles des Membres et du Tronc","author":"Salmon M","year":"1933"},{"key":"b31-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000091161.95599.D8","volume":"112","author":"Suami H","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b32-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(94)90013-2","volume":"20","author":"Svensson LG","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"b33-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(03)00034-8","volume":"30","author":"Taylor GI","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"b34-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00487-X","volume":"15","author":"Taylor GI","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"b35-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199407000-00001","volume":"94","author":"Taylor GI","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b36-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199202000-00001","volume":"89","author":"Taylor GI","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b37-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(87)90185-8","volume":"40","author":"Taylor GI","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"b38-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199809010-00001","volume":"102","author":"Taylor GI","year":"1998","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"b39-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6947-6"},{"key":"b40-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/20.CN_suppl_1.56","volume":"20","author":"Turnbull IM","year":"1973","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"key":"b41-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1971.35.2.0141"},{"key":"b42-0080352","first-page":"637","volume":"44","author":"Uezu T","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"key":"b43-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2003.09.039","volume":"39","author":"Williams GM","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"b44-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199605150-00017","volume":"21","author":"Winter RB","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"b45-0080352","first-page":"333","volume":"16","author":"Yoss RE","year":"1950","journal-title":"Med Bull (Ann Arbor)"},{"key":"b46-0080352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(01)80175-8","volume":"183","author":"Zawili\u0144ski J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"b47-0080352","first-page":"632","volume":"106","author":"Zulch KJ","year":"1962","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/8\/4\/article-p352.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/8\/4\/article-p352.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T21:47:18Z","timestamp":1630964838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/8\/4\/article-p352.xml"}},"subtitle":["Laboratory investigation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi\/2008\/8\/4\/352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}