{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:39:13Z","timestamp":1792593553047,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SPI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Object<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Motor vehicle collision (MVC) is one of the most common causes of thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) injury. Although there is little doubt that the use of seat belts reduces the incidence and severity of TLJ injury after MVC, the mechanism by which this is protective against TLJ injury for drivers and passengers is relatively unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty-nine patients with TLJ (T11\u2013L2) injury who were front seat occupants of a four-wheeled vehicle at the time of MVC (frontal crash) were admitted between 2000 and 2004. The 39 patients were divided into two groups: 18 who had been restrained and 21 who had not been restrained at the time of the MVC. Patient demographics, including the mean Injury Severity Scale score, incidence of neurological deficit, level of TLJ injury, and type of TLJ injury according to the Denis classification were compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The incidence of neurological deficit in the restrained group was significantly lower compared with the nonrestrained group (5.6% compared with 33.3%, p &lt; 0.05). The incidence of flexion\u2013distraction\/fracture\u2013dislocation injuries in the restrained group was also significantly lower (0.0% compared with 33.3% in the nonrestrained group, p &lt; 0.01). The restrained group was significantly older (37.4 \u00b1 3.6 years compared with 28.0 \u00b1 2.5 years in the nonrestrained group, p &lt; 0.05), but otherwise there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the patients' demographic data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It is likely that the high incidence of neurological deficit in the nonrestrained front seat motor vehicle occupants who had a TLJ injury was mostly due to the high incidence of flexion\u2013distraction\/fracture\u2013dislocation injuries. This retrospective study indirectly shows the efficacy of three-point seat belt systems in reducing the severity of a TLJ injury after an MVC. Compression\/burst fractures still occur in restrained front seat occupants, however, and elucidation of the injury mechanism of such axial loading fractures may be important to improve safety further for automobile occupants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/spi-07\/09\/311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,24]],"date-time":"2008-01-24T12:23:52Z","timestamp":1201177432000},"page":"311-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Thoracolumbar junction injuries after motor vehicle collision: are there differences in restrained and nonrestrained front seat occupants?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Joji","family":"Inamasu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard H.","family":"Guiot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1-0070311","series-title":"Acad Emerg Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1197\/j.aem.2005.11.003","article-title":"A comprehensive statewide analysis of seatbelt non-use with injury and hospital admissions: new data, old problem","volume":"13","author":"Allen","year":"2006"},{"key":"b2-0070311","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199101000-00012","article-title":"The epidemiology of seatbelt-associated injuries","volume":"31","author":"Anderson","year":"1991"},{"key":"b3-0070311","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200008000-00005","article-title":"Injuries of the thoracolumbar spine associated with restraint use in head-on motor vehicle accidents","volume":"13","author":"Ball","year":"2000"},{"key":"b4-0070311","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199311000-00024","article-title":"Neck injuries among belted and unbelted occupants of the front seat of cars","volume":"35","author":"Bourbeau","year":"1993"},{"key":"b5-0070311","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000102491.46568.B3","article-title":"Cervical spine injury and restraint system use in motor vehicle collisions","volume":"29","author":"Claytor","year":"2004"},{"key":"b6-0070311","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199505000-00003","article-title":"Falls and major injuries are risk factors for thoracolumbar fractures: cognitive impairment and multiple injuries impede the detection of back pain and tenderness","volume":"38","author":"Cooper","year":"1995"},{"key":"b7-0070311","series-title":"Accid Anal Prev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(91)90020-6","article-title":"Characteristics of motor vehicle accidents resulting in spinal cord injury","volume":"23","author":"Cushman","year":"1991"},{"key":"b8-0070311","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198311000-00003","article-title":"The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries","volume":"8","author":"Denis","year":"1983"},{"key":"b9-0070311","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199205000-00010","article-title":"Scoliosis Research Society. Multicenter spine fracture study","volume":"17","author":"Gertzbein","year":"1992"},{"key":"b10-0070311","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199504000-00014","article-title":"Vertebral column injuries and lap-shoulder belts","volume":"38","author":"Huelke","year":"1995"},{"key":"b11-0070311","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02221591","article-title":"A comprehensive classification of thoracic and lumbar injuries","volume":"3","author":"Magerl","year":"1994"},{"key":"b12-0070311","series-title":"Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med","first-page":"119","article-title":"Incidence of thoracic and lumbar spine injuries for restrained occupants in frontal collisions","volume":"50","author":"Richards","year":"2006"},{"key":"b13-0070311","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200212150-00019","article-title":"Spinal injury patterns resulting from car and motorcycle accidents","volume":"27","author":"Robertson","year":"2002"},{"key":"b14-0070311","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"325","article-title":"Seat-belt use and relation to neurologic injury in motor vehicle crashes","volume":"10","author":"Sasso","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15-0070311","series-title":"J Spinal Cord Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2004.11753737","article-title":"The surgical management of thoracolumbar injuries","volume":"27","author":"Singh","year":"2004"},{"key":"b16-0070311","series-title":"J Trauma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000171534.75347.52","article-title":"Spine and spinal cord injury in motor vehicle crashes: a function of change in velocity and energy dissipation on impact with respect to the direction of crash","volume":"59","author":"Smith","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/7\/3\/article-p311.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/7\/3\/article-p311.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/7\/3\/article-p311.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T23:26:57Z","timestamp":1681601217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/7\/3\/article-p311.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi-07\/09\/311","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}