{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T10:25:13Z","timestamp":1781346313425,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Despite variations in technique, inherent problems persist with current approaches to anterior cervical fusion. This study was performed to determine whether anterior cervical fusion performed using an investigational device was safe and effective in the treatment of degenerative cervical disc disorders and whether this device offered advantages over current techniques.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Fifty-four patients with radiculopathy with or without mild myelopathy due to one- or two-level cervical degenerative disc disease were randomized as part of a Food and Drug Administration device study. Following microsurgical discectomy, the control group was treated with iliac crest graft fusion; the experimental study group underwent insertion of an interspace cage and placement of a local autograft. All patients received postoperative follow-up care for at least 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Good or excellent results were found in approximately 97% of the experimental group and 88% of the control group. A solid fusion was achieved in all patients who underwent one-level cage placement, and a solid fusion at one or both levels was achieved in over 90% of both groups. Chronic donor site pain was reported by 31% of the control group.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> In this study, the use of an interbody fusion cage avoided donor site morbidity and placement of autograft achieved a high rate of good or excellent results. Interbody fusion cages appear safe and effective, and their use helps to avoid some of the inherent problems in performing current anterior cervical fusion techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2000.93.2.0222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:49:21Z","timestamp":1241711361000},"page":"222-226","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A randomized prospective study of an anterior cervical interbody fusion device with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up results"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Hacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199505000-00012","article-title":"Iliac crest bone graft harvest donor site morbidity. A statistical evaluation.","volume":"20","author":"Banwart","year":"1995"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1958.15.6.0602","article-title":"The anterior approach for removal of ruptured cervical discs.","volume":"15","author":"Cloward","year":"1958"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200002000-00015","article-title":"Esophageal perforations after anterior cervical surgery.","volume":"13","author":"Gaudinez","year":"2000"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"410A","article-title":"Anterior cervical plate fixation in the treatment of single-level cervical disc disease.","volume":"90","author":"Geer","year":"1999"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199703150-00017","article-title":"Comparison of interbody fusion approaches for disabling low back pain.","volume":"22","author":"Hacker","year":"1997"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Spine","article-title":"A prospective randomized multi-center clinical evaluation of an anterior cervical fusion cage.","volume":"25","author":"Hacker","year":"2000"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199806010-00019","article-title":"The Bagby and Kuslich method of lumbar interbody fusion. History, techniques, and 2-year follow-up results of a United States prospective, multicenter trial.","volume":"23","author":"Kuslich","year":"1998"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199801150-00006","article-title":"The significance of hardware failure in anterior cervical plate fixation. Patients with 2- to 7-year follow up.","volume":"23","author":"Lowery","year":"1998"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199511001-00012","article-title":"Surgical revision for failed anterior cervical fusions. Articular pillar plating or anterior revision?","volume":"20","author":"Lowery","year":"1995"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.1.0001","article-title":"Anterior surgery for cervical disc disease. Part 1: Treatment of lateral cervical disc herniation in 253 cases.","volume":"53","author":"Lunsford","year":"1980"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199905010-00004","article-title":"Anterior cervical discectomy with freeze-dried fibula allograft. Overview of 317 cases and literature review.","volume":"24","author":"Martin","year":"1999"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Bone Grafts and Bone Substitutes.","first-page":"375","article-title":"Orthopedic surgery","author":"Muschler","year":"1992"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Spinal Fusion\u2014Science and Technique.","first-page":"9","article-title":"The biology of spinal fusion","author":"Muscheler","year":"1990"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199703150-00019","article-title":"Threaded titanium cages for lumbar interbody fusions.","volume":"22","author":"Ray","year":"1997"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244080-00007","article-title":"The results of anterior interbody fusions of the cervical spine.","volume":"44","author":"Robinson","year":"1962"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199807000-00032","article-title":"A prospective randomized study of anterior single-level cervical disc operations with long-term follow-up: surgical fusion is unnecessary.","volume":"43","author":"Savolainen","year":"1998"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.2.0255","article-title":"A comparative analysis of fusion rates and donor-site morbidity for autogeneic rib and iliac crest bone grafts in posterior cervical fusions.","volume":"88","author":"Sawin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195840030-00009","article-title":"Treatment of certain cervical spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion.","volume":"40","author":"Smith","year":"1958"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199907010-00005","article-title":"Anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine with coralline hydroxyapatite.","volume":"24","author":"Thalgott","year":"1999"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198501000-00006","article-title":"The evolution of stability in cervical spine constructs using either autogenous bone graft or methylmethacrylate cement. 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