{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T21:10:13Z","timestamp":1681593013732},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> The AO Universal Spine System thoracic pedicle hook design includes a fixation screw that passes obliquely through the inferior facet into the pedicle to engage in the posterior portion of the superior vertebral body endplate. This endplate screw provides additional purchase at the hook\u2014bone interface. To determine the safety of this fixation system the authors reviewed the operative notes, radiographs, and outcomes of patients who underwent placement of endplate screws.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Thirty-six patients (16 male and 20 female patients) who required posterior thoracic instrumentation for spinal deformity (11 cases), neoplasm (15 cases), and traumatic injury (10 cases) were included in this study.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">One hundred sixty-four endplate screws were placed (mean 4.3\/patient) to augment pedicle hooks for posterior thoracic instrumentation. The number of instrumented levels ranged from seven to 16. The positions of the screws in relation to the pedicle, neural foramen, spinal canal, and endplate were evaluated by assessing plain radiographs and computerized tomography scans (10 cases). Eighty-two screws (56%) were in ideal position. Lateral pedicle wall perforation occurred with 51 screws (35%). Three screws violated the medial wall and nine screws violated the superior or inferior walls of the pedicle. There were no clinical sequelae associated with any of the malpositioned screws. Adequate follow-up radiographic data were not available in five patients. The mean follow-up duration was 19.8 months (range 3\u201361 months).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Two patients required revision surgery at 3 months and 18 months, respectively, because of hook\/endplate screw displacement. There was also one case of an endplate screw fracture without hook displacement that was discovered during subsequent revision surgery. The remainder of the endplate screws and associated pedicles hooks maintained their original positions. There was no case of spinal cord, nerve root, pulmonary, or vascular injury.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> The placement of supplemental endplate screws in conjunction with thoracic pedicle hooks can be conducted safely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2003.98.1.0031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:59:32Z","timestamp":1241711972000},"page":"31-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Safety of supplemental endplate screws in thoracic pedicle hook fixation"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Aaron A.","family":"Cohen-Gadol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Dekutoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choll W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Quast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"AO ASIF Principles in Spine Surgery.","first-page":"133","article-title":"Modular stabilization system: The universal system","author":"Aebi","year":"1998"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050171","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis: apical correction with specialized pedicle hooks.","volume":"8","author":"Arlet","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199706150-00016","article-title":"Lumbar pedicle screws vesus hooks. Results in double major curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.","volume":"22","author":"Barr","year":"1997"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00278923","article-title":"New means in spinal pedicle hook fixation. A biomechanical evaluation.","volume":"4","author":"Berlemann","year":"1995"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307831","article-title":"Pull-out strength of pedicle hooks with fixation screws: influence of screw length and angulation.","volume":"5","author":"Berlemann","year":"1996"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"234","article-title":"The USS pedicle hook system: a morphometric analysis of its safety in the thoracic spine. Universal Spine System.","volume":"12","author":"Berlet","year":"1999"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365090-00018","article-title":"Late complications due to wire breakage in segmental spinal instrumentation. Report of two cases.","volume":"65","author":"Bernard","year":"1983"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199901150-00003","article-title":"Pedicle instrumentation in the thoracic spine. A morphometric and cadaveric study for placement of screws.","volume":"24","author":"Cinotti","year":"1999"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199311000-00015","article-title":"Complications associated with the technique of pedicle screw fixation. A selected survey of ABS members.","volume":"18","author":"Esses","year":"1993"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01142678","article-title":"Early complications of spinal pedicle screw.","volume":"6","author":"Faraj","year":"1997"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198607000-00008","article-title":"Cadaveric study comparing the stability of upper distraction hooks used in Harrington instrumentation.","volume":"11","author":"Freedman","year":"1986"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199001000-00004","article-title":"Accuracy of pedicle screw placement in vivo.","volume":"15","author":"Gertzbein","year":"1990"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200102000-00008","article-title":"Surgical treatment of adolescent idopathic scoliosis: a comparative study of two segmental instrumentation systems.","volume":"14","author":"Girardi","year":"2001"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199318040-00003","article-title":"Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Results in 52 patients.","volume":"18","author":"Guidera","year":"1993"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050021","article-title":"Characterization of the mechanical behaviour parameters of the costo-vertebral joint.","volume":"7","author":"Lemosse","year":"1998"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Acta Orthop Belg","first-page":"157","article-title":"Pullout strength of pedicle screws versus pedicle and laminar hooks in the thoracic spine.","volume":"67","author":"Liljenqvist","year":"2001"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199710010-00008","article-title":"Pedicle screw instrumentation of the thoracic spine in idiopathic scoliosis.","volume":"22","author":"Liljenqvist","year":"1997"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050147","article-title":"Unusual presentation of spinal cord compression related to misplaced pedicle screws in thoracic scoliosis.","volume":"8","author":"Papin","year":"1999"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199508000-00009","article-title":"Placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. Part II: An anatomical and radiographic assessment.","volume":"77","author":"Vaccaro","year":"1995"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198809000-00008","article-title":"Spinal pedicle fixation: reliability and validity of roentgenogram-based assessment and surgical factors on successful screw placement.","volume":"13","author":"Weinstein","year":"1988"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199805010-00021","article-title":"Anatomic considerations of pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine. Roy-Camille technique versus open-lamina technique.","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"1998"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"771","article-title":"Stereotactic navigation for placement of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine.","volume":"48","author":"Youkilis","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/98\/1\/article-p31.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/98\/1\/article-p31.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/98\/1\/article-p31.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T20:28:45Z","timestamp":1681590525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/98\/1\/article-p31.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi.2003.98.1.0031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}