{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1761823190893},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Reconstruction after anterior cervical decompression has involved the use of tricortical iliac crest bone or fibular strut grafts, but has been associated with significant morbidity. In this study the authors evaluated the efficacy of titanium mesh cages (TMCs) for stability and fusion following anterior cervical corpectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> Thirty-seven patients were prospectively evaluated during a 4-year period. The majority presented with spinal cord compression (97%) often due to cervical spondylosis (87%). The TMC was filled with iliac crest bone chips or Surgibone and stabilized by anterior cervical plates (ACPs). The changes in settling ratio, coronal and sagittal angles, and sagittal displacement were determined at 3, 6, and 12 months; immediate postoperative radiographs were used as baseline. Flexion\u2014extension radiographs and computerized tomography (CT) scans (obtained at 1 year) were examined to assess stability, fusion, and bone growth within the TMC.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">Complications such as settling, telescoping, migration, and pseudarthrosis were not observed. Dynamic radiography revealed spinal stability in all patients. Cage-related complications occurred in 2.7% (TMC malplacement [one patient]), surgery-related complications in 10.8%, and graft-related complications in 21.6%. Evidence of bone growth into the TMC was documented in 16 (95%) of 17 patients on CT scans. The mean cage height\u2014related settling rates were 4.46% at 3 months (31 patients [p = 0.066]), 3.89% at 6 months (28 patients [p = 0.028]), and 4.35% at 1 year (27 patients [p = 0.958]). The mean sagittal displacement changed by 3.9% (23 patients [p = 0.73]). The mean coronal and sagittal angles changed 2.89\u00b0 (30 patients [p = 0.498]) and 2.09\u00b0 (29 patients [p = 0.001]) at 1 year, respectively, or at last follow up from baseline. No significant differences in the radiological indices were seen when multilevel vertebrectomy cases were compared with single-level vertebrectomy (p = 0.221), smoking status, or age.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> Titanium mesh cages, in combination with ACPs, are safe and effective for vertebral replacement in the cervical spine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2003.99.2.0172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T15:56:27Z","timestamp":1241711787000},"page":"172-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Titanium mesh cages for cervical spine stabilization after corpectomy: a clinical and radiological study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Pradeep K.","family":"Narotam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Pauley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"McGinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E329","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200207010-00024","article-title":"Healing of autologous bone in a titanium mesh cage used in anterior column reconstruction after total spondylectomy.","volume":"27","author":"Akamaru","year":"2002"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00007","article-title":"Incidence of dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a prospective study.","volume":"27","author":"Bazaz","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Orthop","first-page":"231","article-title":"A roentgenographic evaluation of frozen allografts versus autografts in anterior cervical spine fusions.","volume":"119","author":"Brown","year":"1976"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot","first-page":"335","article-title":"[Postoperative compressive spinal epidural hematomas. 15 cases and a review of the literature.]","volume":"86","author":"Cabana","year":"2000"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200012000-00008","article-title":"A cost analysis of two anterior cervical fusion procedures.","volume":"13","author":"Castro","year":"2000"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"202","article-title":"Anterior cervical fusion: outcome analysis of patients fused with and without anterior cervical plates.","volume":"9","author":"Connolly","year":"1996"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg (Spine 1)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2001.94.1.0174","article-title":"Use of cylindrical titanium mesh and locking plates in anterior cervical fusion. Technical note.","volume":"94","author":"Das","year":"2001"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199711150-00015","article-title":"Vulnerability of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the anterior approach to the lower cervical spine.","volume":"22","author":"Ebraheim","year":"1997"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00003","article-title":"Biomechanical study on the effect of cervical spine fusion on adjacent-level intradiscal pressure and segmental motion.","volume":"27","author":"Eck","year":"2002"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200009150-00023","article-title":"Analysis of titanium mesh cages in adults with minimum two-year follow-up.","volume":"25","author":"Eck","year":"2000"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Clin Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200201000-00011","article-title":"Mesh cages for spinal deformity in adults.","volume":"394","author":"Eck","year":"2002"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200012000-00006","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of anterior titanium mesh cages.","volume":"13","author":"Eck","year":"2000"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200002000-00001","article-title":"Anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion without plate instrumentation in 178 patients.","volume":"13","author":"Epstein","year":"2000"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00523-7","article-title":"Reoperation rates for acute graft extrusion and pseudarthrosis after one-level anterior corpectomy and fusion with and without plate instrumentation: etiology and corrective management.","volume":"56","author":"Epstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199212000-00006","article-title":"Chronic donor site pain complicating bone graft harvesting from the posterior iliac crest for spinal fusion.","volume":"17","author":"Fernyhough","year":"1992"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S561","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199110001-00022","article-title":"Fusion rates in multilevel cervical spondylosis comparing allograft fibula with autograft fibula in 126 patients.","volume":"16","author":"Fernyhough","year":"1991"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200210000-00004","article-title":"Swallowing and speech dysfunction in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a prospective, objective preoperative and postoperative assessment.","volume":"15","author":"Frempong-Boadu","year":"2002"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106010-00016","article-title":"The arthrodesis rate in multilevel anterior cervical fusions using autogenous fibula.","volume":"26","author":"Gore","year":"2001"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198410000-00002","article-title":"Anterior cervical fusion for degenerated or protruded discs. A review of one hundred forty-six patients.","volume":"9","author":"Gore","year":"1984"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00022","article-title":"An experimental study on the interface strength between titanium mesh cage and vertebra in reference to vertebral bone mineral density.","volume":"26","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2001"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"510","article-title":"Persistent iliac crest donor site pain: independent outcome assessment.","volume":"50","author":"Heary","year":"2002"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200302000-00001","article-title":"Complications of multilevel cervical corpectomies and reconstruction with titanium cages and anterior plating.","volume":"16","author":"Hee","year":"2003"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201150-00005","article-title":"Increased rate of arthrodesis with strut grafting after multilevel anterior cervical decompression.","volume":"27","author":"Hilibrand","year":"2002"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199605010-00007","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of thoracolumbar interbody constructs. How important is the endplate?","volume":"21","author":"Hollowell","year":"1996"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E15","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00028","article-title":"Microradiographic and histopathologic findings in a human cage explant after two-level corpectomy: a case report.","volume":"27","author":"Klemme","year":"2002"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Clin Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200201000-00012","article-title":"Mesh cages in idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.","volume":"394","author":"Lenke","year":"2002"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199908010-00016","article-title":"Anterior cervical reconstruction using titanium cages with anterior plating.","volume":"24","author":"Majd","year":"1999"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurosurg (Spine 1)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2002.96.1.0010","article-title":"Cervical spinal stenosis: outcome after anterior corpectomy, allograft reconstruction, and instrumentation.","volume":"96","author":"Mayr","year":"2002"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Iowa Orthop J","first-page":"42","article-title":"Fibular allograft after anterior cervical corpectomy: long term follow-up.","volume":"22","author":"McKoy","year":"2002"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.6.0957","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical follow-up review of Caspar plates in 49 patients.","volume":"84","author":"Paramore","year":"1996"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1978.48.5.0809","article-title":"Fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine following anterior cervical fusion using iliac crest. Case report.","volume":"48","author":"Reynolds","year":"1978"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Clin Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200201000-00006","article-title":"The use of titanium mesh cages in the cervical spine.","volume":"394","author":"Riew","year":"2002"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200301150-00009","article-title":"Early reconstruction failures after multilevel cervical corpectomy.","volume":"28","author":"Sasso","year":"2003"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.88.2.0255","article-title":"A comparative analysis of fusion rates and donor-site morbidity for autogeneic rib and iliac crest bone grafts in posterior cervical fusions.","volume":"88","author":"Sawin","year":"1998"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"220","article-title":"[Postoperative spinal extradural hematomas. 14 cases.]","volume":"43","author":"Scavarda","year":"1997"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199710010-00005","article-title":"Analysis of harvest morbidity and radiographic outcome using autograft for anterior cervical fusion.","volume":"22","author":"Schnee","year":"1997"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E432","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200110010-00008","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of stand-alone interbody fusion cages in the cervical spine.","volume":"26","author":"Shimamoto","year":"2001"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Eur Spine J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01358747","article-title":"Anterior cervical allograft arthrodesis and instrumentation: multilevel interbody grafting or strut graft reconstruction.","volume":"6","author":"Swank","year":"1997"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112150-00025","article-title":"Bone graft incorporation in radiographically successful human intervertebral body fusion cages.","volume":"26","author":"Togawa","year":"2001"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000042367.44199.AB","article-title":"Histology of tissues within retrieved human titanium mesh cages.","volume":"28","author":"Togawa","year":"2003"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"J Neurosurg (Spine 2)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2002.97.2.0186","article-title":"Graft subsidence after instrument-assisted anterior cervical fusion.","volume":"97","author":"Tye","year":"2002"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"J Spinal Disord","first-page":"410","article-title":"Early failure of long segment anterior cervical plate fixation.","volume":"11","author":"Vaccaro","year":"1998"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Yale J Biol Med","first-page":"263","article-title":"Freeze-dried fibular allograft in anterior spinal surgery: cervical and lumbar applications.","volume":"66","author":"Wetzel","year":"1993"},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Spine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200011010-00008","article-title":"Subsidence resulting from simulated postoperative neck movements: an in vitro investigation with a new cervical fusion cage.","volume":"25","author":"Wilke","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/99\/2\/article-p172.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/99\/2\/article-p172.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/99\/2\/article-p172.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T20:32:17Z","timestamp":1681590737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/99\/2\/article-p172.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi.2003.99.2.0172","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}