{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T06:17:04Z","timestamp":1771481824127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Object.<\/jats:italic> Reports describing surgical landmarks with which to identify the branches of the lumbar plexus found on the posterior abdominal wall are lacking in the English-language literature.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Methods.<\/jats:italic> The authors examined 22 sides from six female and five male cadavers. Measurements were made between the branches of the lumbar plexus and various bone landmarks such as the midline vertebral bodies, supracristal plane\u2014a horizontal line connecting the superior-most aspect of the left and right iliac crests approximating the L4\u20135 vertebrae\u2014and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\">The mean distances from the midline and as they emerged through or lateral to the psoas major muscle to the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, lateral femoral cutaneous, genitofemoral, and femoral nerves, were 5.5, 6, 6.5, 6, 4.5, and 4.5 cm, respectively. At a vertical line through the midpoint between the ASIS and the midline, the subcostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves were superior to the supracristal plane at mean distances of 8, 4, and 5 cm, respectively. Inferior to the supracristal plane and in a vertical line through a midpoint between the ASIS and the midline, the lateral femoral and femoral nerves were found to have mean distances of 5 and 5.5 cm, respectively. The obturator nerve had a mean distance of 3 cm lateral to the midline. Additionally, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve had a mean distance of 1.5 cm inferomedial to the ASIS.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p content-type=\"fine-print\"><jats:italic>Conclusions.<\/jats:italic> A good working knowledge of the locations and anatomy of the nerves of the lumbar plexus on the posterior abdominal wall is necessary for the surgeon who operates in this region. The measurements provided herein will aid the surgeon who wishes to expose or avoid these nerves, thus precluding injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.3.0335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,7]],"date-time":"2009-05-07T16:07:30Z","timestamp":1241712450000},"page":"335-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Anatomical landmarks for the lumbar plexus on the posterior abdominal wall"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"R. Shane","family":"Tubbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. George","family":"Salter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Wellons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Blount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Jerry","family":"Oakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1986.65.3.0286"},{"key":"b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.6.0837"},{"key":"b3","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Practical Approaches to Peripheral Nerve Surgery.","author":"Benzel EC"},{"key":"b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198808000-00006","volume":"13","author":"Benzel EC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2003.09.025","volume":"198","author":"Ducic I","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-7722.2002.00014.x","volume":"77","author":"Erbil K","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011541","volume":"41","author":"Farny J","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060010104028","volume":"42","author":"Hope EE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"b9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199901000-00005"},{"key":"b10","first-page":"1567","volume-title":"Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics","author":"Ingram AV","year":"1980","edition":"6"},{"key":"b11","first-page":"171","volume-title":"The Spine","author":"Johnson RM","year":"1982","edition":"2"},{"key":"b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7547\/87507315-67-8-529","volume":"67","author":"Kashuk K","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Am Podiatry Assoc"},{"key":"b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12631-8","volume-title":"Operative Neurosurgery.","author":"Kempe LG","year":"1970"},{"key":"b14","unstructured":"Kline DG, Hudson AR:Nerve Injuries: Operative Results for Major Nerve Injuries, Entrapments, and Tumors.Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1995, pp 326\u2013339"},{"key":"b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800840221","volume":"84","author":"Krahenbuhl L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"b16","first-page":"110","volume":"6","author":"Kumar S","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"b17","first-page":"280","volume":"8","author":"Laha RK","year":"1977","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"b18","first-page":"377","volume":"57","author":"Mine Erbil K","year":"1998","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"b19","unstructured":"Moore DC:Regional Block: a Handbook for Use in the Clinical Practice of Medicine and Surgery.Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1965, pp 206\u2013210"},{"key":"b20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200303010-00002"},{"key":"b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200005000-00016","volume":"82","author":"Murata Y","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(97)80015-1","volume":"4","author":"Perry CP","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc"},{"key":"b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s004640000137","volume":"14","author":"Rosenberger RJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"b24","unstructured":"Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P:Hollinshead's Textbook of Anatomy, ed 5.Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997, p 607"},{"key":"b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00005-4","volume":"15","author":"Seijo-Martinez M","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1996)9:6<401::AID-CA8>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"9","author":"Spratt JD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"b27","unstructured":"Sunderland S:Nerves and Nerve Injuries, ed 2.Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1978, pp 999\u20131020"},{"key":"b28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01637599"},{"key":"b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(03)80130-9","volume":"185","author":"Tubbs RS","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"b30","first-page":"256","volume":"28","author":"Urbanowicz Z","year":"1969","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(03)00934-7","volume":"189","author":"Whiteside JL","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/2\/3\/article-p335.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/2\/3\/article-p335.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T23:36:41Z","timestamp":1605310601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/2\/3\/article-p335.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/spi.2005.2.3.0335","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}}}