{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:26:24Z","timestamp":1762507584261},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"Supplement","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JNS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Object<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracranial chondrosarcomas have a high risk of recurrence after surgery. This retrospective study of patients with intracranial chondrosarcoma was conducted to determine the long-term results of microsurgery followed by Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for residual tumor or recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors treated nine patients whose median age was 36 years. Seven patients had low-grade chondrosarcomas (LGCSs), whereas mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MCSs) were diagnosed in two. Radiosurgery was performed in eight patients, whereas one patient declined further surgical intervention and tumor-volume reduction necessary for the GKS.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The patients were followed up for 15 to 173 months (median 108 months) after diagnosis and 3 to 166 months (median 88 months) after GKS. Seven patients had residual tumor tissue after microsurgery, and two operations appeared radical. In the two latter cases, tumors recurred after 25 and 45 months. Thus, definite tumor control was not achieved after surgery alone in any patient, whereas the addition of radiosurgery allowed tumor control in all six patients with LGCSs. Two of these patients experienced an initial tumor regrowth after GKS; in both cases the recurrences were outside the prescribed radiation field. The patients underwent repeated GKS, and subsequent tumor control was observed. An MCS was diagnosed in the remaining two patients. Complications after microsurgery included diplopia, facial numbness, and paresis. After GKS, one patient had radiation necrosis, which required microsurgery, and two patients had new cranial nerve palsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p> Tumor control after microsurgery alone was not achieved in any patient, whereas adjuvant radiosurgery provided local tumor control in six of eight GKS-treated patients. Tumor control was not achieved in the two patients with MCS. Similar to other treatments for intracranial chondrosarcoma, morbidity after micro- and radiosurgical combination therapy was high and included severe cranial nerve palsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/sup.2006.105.7.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T07:24:52Z","timestamp":1542353092000},"page":"18-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Combination of microsurgery and Gamma Knife surgery for the treatment of intracranial chondrosarcomas"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Petter","family":"F\u00f6rander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiit","family":"R\u00e4hn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Kihlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elfar","family":"Ulfarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiit","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"635","article-title":"A revolution in skull base surgery: the quality of life matters","volume":"66","author":"Ausman","year":"2006"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Am J Clin Oncol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199008000-00013","article-title":"Fractionated proton radiation therapy of cranial and intracranial tumors","volume":"13","author":"Austin-Seymour","year":"1990"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Clin Neuropathol","first-page":"149","article-title":"Chondroid tumors arising from the meninges\u2014report of 2 cases and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Bergmann","year":"2004"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Clin Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(68)80019-4","article-title":"Cranial and intracranial cartilaginous tumours","volume":"19","author":"Berkmen","year":"1968"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(88)90295-7","article-title":"Charged particle irradiation of chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the base of skull and cervical spine: the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory experience","volume":"15","author":"Berson","year":"1988"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(94)90550-9","article-title":"Experience in charged particle irradiation of tumors of the skull base: 1977\u20131992","volume":"29","author":"Castro","year":"1994"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00306279","article-title":"Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a case report and literature review","volume":"9","author":"Cho","year":"1993"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Br J Radiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-64-763-633","article-title":"Intracranial chondrosarcoma in a patient with Ollier's disease","volume":"64","author":"Clifton","year":"1991"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.95.2.0184","article-title":"A multidisciplinary team approach to skull base chondrosarcomas","volume":"95","author":"Crockard","year":"2001"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00464-8","article-title":"Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base","volume":"47","author":"Debus","year":"2000"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199505000-00001","article-title":"Chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the cranial base: results and follow-up of 60 patients","volume":"36","author":"Gay","year":"1995"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Acta Neuropathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050773","article-title":"Primary parafalcine chondrosarcoma in a child","volume":"95","author":"Gerszten","year":"1998"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-002-0949-y","article-title":"Intracranial extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: case report and review of the literature","volume":"144","author":"Gonzalez-Lois","year":"2002"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01808691","article-title":"Primary cranial and intracranial chondrosarcoma. A survey","volume":"78","author":"Hassounah","year":"1985"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"184","article-title":"Facial nerve grading system","volume":"93","author":"House","year":"1985"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30088-3","article-title":"Proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base","volume":"11","author":"Hug","year":"2000"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Evaluation of Chemotherapy Agents","first-page":"191","author":"Karnofsky","year":"1949"},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"38","article-title":"The role of radiosurgery in the management of chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the cranial base","volume":"9","author":"Kondziolka","year":"1991"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.1.88","article-title":"Intracranial chondrosarcoma: review of the literature and report of 15 cases","volume":"65","author":"Korten","year":"1998"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"245","article-title":"Conventional and perfusion MR imaging of parafalcine chondrosarcoma","volume":"24","author":"Kothary","year":"2003"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"AJNR","first-page":"44","article-title":"Radiotherapy in the management of craniopharyngiomas: further experience and results","volume":"103","author":"Kramer","year":"1968"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000156789.10394.F5","article-title":"Radiosurgery for cranial base chordomas and chondrosarcomas","volume":"56","author":"Krishnan","year":"2005"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(195911\/12)12:6<1142::AID-CNCR2820120610>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Unusual benign and malignant chondroid tumor of bone: a survey of some mesenchymal cartilage tumors and malignant chondroblastic tumors, including a few multicentric ones, as well as many atypical benign chondroblastomas and chondromyxoid fibromas","volume":"12","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"1959"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(81)90443-0","article-title":"Cerebral radionecrosis: incidence and risk in relation to dose, time, fractionation and volume","volume":"7","author":"Marks","year":"1981"},{"key":"B25","series-title":"J Neurosurg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1977.47.3.0336","article-title":"Delayed radiation necrosis of the brain","volume":"47","author":"Martins","year":"1977"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(97)00377-5","article-title":"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of malignant skull base tumors","volume":"39","author":"Miller","year":"1997"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Strahlenther Onkol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03038890","article-title":"Proton therapy for tumors of the skull base","volume":"175","author":"Munzenrider","year":"1999"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00051-0","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for chordoma and chondrosarcoma: further experiences","volume":"41","author":"Muthukumar","year":"1998"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01634-0","article-title":"Combination of photon and proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base: the Centre de Protontherapie D'Orsay experience","volume":"51","author":"Noel","year":"2001"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Surg Neurol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00329-9","article-title":"Parafalcine chondrosarcoma: an unusual localization for a classical variant. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"55","author":"Oruckaptan","year":"2001"},{"key":"B31","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199707000-00046","article-title":"Maffucci's syndrome associated with a cranial base chondrosarcoma: case report and literature review","volume":"41","author":"Ramina","year":"1997"},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199208000-00021","article-title":"Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the falx","volume":"31","author":"Salcman","year":"1992"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res","first-page":"317","article-title":"Central nervous system mesenchymal chondrosarcoma","volume":"24","author":"Salvati","year":"2005"},{"key":"B34","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(85)90250-0","article-title":"Precision, high dose radiotherapy. II. Helium ion treatment of tumors adjacent to critical central nervous system structures","volume":"11","author":"Saunders","year":"1985"},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02827-9","article-title":"Radiotherapy for chordomas and low-grade chondrosarcomas of the skull base with carbon ions","volume":"53","author":"Schulz-Ertner","year":"2002"},{"key":"B36","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198912000-00013","article-title":"Chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the cranial base: an 8-year experience","volume":"25","author":"Sen","year":"1989"},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Int J Radiat Biol Phys","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(80)90175-3","article-title":"Therapeutic irradiation and brain injury","volume":"6","author":"Sheline","year":"1980"},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199303000-00003","article-title":"Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: a series of eight cases","volume":"32","author":"Stapleton","year":"1993"},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Neurosurgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000215892.65663.54","article-title":"Patient outcome at long-term follow-up after aggressive microsurgical resection of cranial base chondrosarcomas","volume":"58","author":"Tzortzidis","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/Supplement\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/Supplement\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/Supplement\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T09:44:21Z","timestamp":1709977461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/105\/Supplement\/article-p18.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/sup.2006.105.7.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}}}