{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T10:44:07Z","timestamp":1769597047931,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of this paper was to determine the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System based on surgeon experience (&lt; 5 years, 5\u201310 years, 10\u201320 years, and &gt; 20 years) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine surgery, neurosurgery, and \"other\" surgery).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 11,601 assessments of upper cervical spine injuries were evaluated based on the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System. Reliability and reproducibility scores were obtained twice, with a 3-week time interval. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine the percentage of accurately classified injuries, and Pearson\u2019s chi-square or Fisher\u2019s exact test was used to screen for potentially relevant differences between study participants. Kappa coefficients (\u03ba) determined the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The intraobserver reproducibility was substantial for surgeon experience level (&lt; 5 years: 0.74 vs 5\u201310 years: 0.69 vs 10\u201320 years: 0.69 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.70) and surgical subspecialty (orthopedic spine: 0.71 vs neurosurgery: 0.69 vs other: 0.68). Furthermore, the interobserver reliability was substantial for all surgical experience groups on assessment 1 (&lt; 5 years: 0.67 vs 5\u201310 years: 0.62 vs 10\u201320 years: 0.61 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.62), and only surgeons with &gt; 20 years of experience did not have substantial reliability on assessment 2 (&lt; 5 years: 0.62 vs 5\u201310 years: 0.61 vs 10\u201320 years: 0.61 vs &gt; 20 years: 0.59). Orthopedic spine surgeons and neurosurgeons had substantial intraobserver reproducibility on both assessment 1 (0.64 vs 0.63) and assessment 2 (0.62 vs 0.63), while other surgeons had moderate reliability on assessment 1 (0.43) and fair reliability on assessment 2 (0.36).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The international reliability and reproducibility scores for the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System demonstrated substantial intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability regardless of surgical experience and spine subspecialty. These results support the global application of this classification system.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2022.6.spine22454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T08:36:10Z","timestamp":1660898170000},"page":"31-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of surgical experience and spine subspecialty on the reliability of the AO Spine Upper Cervical Injury Classification System"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mark J.","family":"Lambrechts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Karamian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Canseco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}]},{"given":"F. 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