{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:05:37Z","timestamp":1791497137600,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2025rw1222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T09:50:43Z","timestamp":1745401843000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes: a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.31744","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Antonio","family":"Negrato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-6730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca Zerbinatti","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0267-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia Domingos de Moraes Pimentel","family":"Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9958-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylana Walleska Santos","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1345-0268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Kimmy Ikemoto","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7116-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitor Casoto de","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8902-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Luz Vilela Engel","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4458-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilia de Brito","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16942","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.23.99","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity","volume":"23","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"1. Kawasaki E. Type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;23(4):99-105.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20250423135039_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v11.i11.527","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes and associated autoimmune diseases","volume":"11","author":"Frommer","year":"2020","unstructured":"2. Frommer L, Kahaly GJ. Type 1 diabetes and associated autoimmune diseases. World J Diabetes. 2020;11(11):527-39.","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_103_18","article-title":"Coexistence of Autoimmune Disorders and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: An Observation from Western Part of India","volume":"23","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"3. Sharma B, Nehara HR, Saran S, Bhavi VK, Singh AK, Mathur SK. Coexistence of Autoimmune Disorders and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: An Observation from Western Part of India. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;23(1):22-6.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.07.014","article-title":"Immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review","volume":"64","author":"Noble","year":"2015","unstructured":"4. Noble JA. Immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2015;64:101-12.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20250423135039_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13060972","article-title":"HLA Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship to Reported Race\/Skin Color in Their Relatives: A Brazilian Multicenter Study","volume":"13","author":"Gomes","year":"2022","unstructured":"5. Gomes MB, Porto LC, Silva DA, Negrato CA, Pavin EJ, Montenegro Junior R, et al. HLA Genotypes and Type 1 Diabetes and Its Relationship to Reported Race\/Skin Color in Their Relatives: A Brazilian Multicenter Study. Genes (Basel). 2022;13(6):972.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S52","article-title":"Autoantibodies in diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Pihoker","year":"2005","unstructured":"6. Pihoker C, Gilliam LK, Hampe CS, Lernmark A. Autoantibodies in diabetes. Diabetes. 2005;54 Suppl 2.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B7","volume-title":"Robbins & Cotran Patologia: bases patol\u00f3gicas das doen\u00e7as","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"7. Kumar V, Aster JC, Abbas AK. Robbins & Cotran Patologia: bases patol\u00f3gicas das doen\u00e7as. 10th ed. 2020.","edition":"10th"},{"issue":"10138","key":"key20250423135039_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31320-5","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"391","author":"DiMeglio","year":"2018","unstructured":"8. DiMeglio LA, Evans-Molina C, Oram RA. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2018; 391(10138):2449-62.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"S5","key":"key20250423135039_B9","first-page":"32","article-title":"Prevalence of \u00df-cell antibodies and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Qatar","volume":"89","author":"Alyafei","year":"2018","unstructured":"9. Alyafei F, Soliman A, Alkhalaf F, Sabt A, De Sanctis V, Elsayed N, et al. Prevalence of \u00df-cell antibodies and associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Qatar. Acta Biomed. 2018;89(S5):32-9.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B10","volume-title":"Imunologia celular e molecular","author":"Abbas","year":"2019","unstructured":"10. Abbas AK, Pillai S, Lichtman AH. Imunologia celular e molecular. 9th ed. 2019.","edition":"9th"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.1.48","article-title":"Genetic markers, humoral autoimmunity, and prediction of type 1 diabetes in siblings of affected children. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group","volume":"49","author":"Kulmala","year":"2000","unstructured":"11. Kulmala P, Savola K, Reijonen H, Veijola R, V\u00e4h\u00e4salo P, Karjalainen J, et al. Genetic markers, humoral autoimmunity, and prediction of type 1 diabetes in siblings of affected children. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group. Diabetes. 2000;49(1):48-58.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2018.23.1.33","article-title":"Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with type 1 diabetes: a long-term follow-up study","volume":"23","author":"Hwang","year":"2018","unstructured":"12. Hwang GB, Yoon JS, Park KJ, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with type 1 diabetes: a long-term follow-up study. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2018;23(1):33-7.","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20250423135039_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-2934-9","article-title":"Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotype in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Jonsdottir","year":"2013","unstructured":"13. Jonsdottir B, Andersson C, Carlsson A, Delli A, Forsander G, Ludvigsson J, Marcus C, Samuelsson U, Ortqvist E, Lernmark A, Ivarsson SA, Larsson HE; Better Diabetes Diagnosis (BDD) study group. Thyroid autoimmunity in relation to islet autoantibodies and HLA-DQ genotype in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetologia. 2013;56(8):1735-42.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110031","article-title":"Comorbid autoimmune diseases and burden of diabetes-related complications in patients with type 1 diabetes from a Mediterranean area","volume":"191","author":"Gimenez-Perez","year":"2022","unstructured":"14. Gimenez-Perez G, Vlacho B, Navas E, Mata-Cases M, Real J, Cos X, et al. Comorbid autoimmune diseases and burden of diabetes-related complications in patients with type 1 diabetes from a Mediterranean area. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;191:110031.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20250423135039_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and Explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"15. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-73.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20250423135039_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0515","article-title":"Associated auto-immune disease in type 1 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"180","author":"Nederstigt","year":"2019","unstructured":"16. Nederstigt C, Uitbeijerse BS, Janssen LG, Corssmit EP, de Koning EJ, Dekkers OM. Associated auto-immune disease in type 1 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;180(2):135-44.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1083690","article-title":"Graves disease is more prevalent than Hashimoto disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"17. Wang LT, Huang CY, Lin CH, Cheng BW, Lo FS, Ting WH, et al. Graves disease is more prevalent than Hashimoto disease in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;13:1083690.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20250423135039_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2022.03.002","article-title":"Additional autoimmune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: A French single-center study from 2014 to 2021","volume":"29","author":"Burbaud","year":"2022","unstructured":"18. Burbaud M, Renard E, Jellimann S, Luc A, Di Patrizio M, Remen T, et al. Additional autoimmune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: A French single-center study from 2014 to 2021. Arch Pediatr. 2022;29(5):381-7.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13280","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiological profile of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: experience from a tertiary care center of India","volume":"23","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"19. Sharma L, Sudhanshu S, Bhatia V, Dabadghao P. Prevalence and epidemiological profile of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: experience from a tertiary care center of India. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(1):5-9.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20250423135039_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2021-0452","article-title":"The prevalence, immune profile, and clinical characteristics of children with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in the state of Qatar","volume":"34","author":"Haris","year":"2021","unstructured":"20. Haris B, Abdellatief A, Afyouni H, Abdel-Karim T, Mohammed S, Khalifa A, et al. The prevalence, immune profile, and clinical characteristics of children with celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in the state of Qatar. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2021;34(11):1457-61.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20250423135039_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.157","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease in children with diabetes and adolescents: A single center study from south Punjab","volume":"71","author":"Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"21. Khan WI, Afzal E, Hussain S. Autoimmune thyroid disease in children with diabetes and adolescents: A single center study from south Punjab. J Pak Med Assoc. 2021;71(7):1804-7.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2019.89780","article-title":"Does concomitance of Hashimoto's disease and type 1 diabetes affect diabetes control and development of its complications?","volume":"17","author":"Szczesniak","year":"2019","unstructured":"22. Szczesniak G, Kozak-Nurczyk P, Dziemidok P. Does concomitance of Hashimoto's disease and type 1 diabetes affect diabetes control and development of its complications? Arch Med Sci. 2019;17(4):900-4.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20250423135039_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2021.71","article-title":"The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"41","author":"Aljulifi","year":"2021","unstructured":"23. Aljulifi MZ, Mahzari M, Alkhalifa L, Hassan E, Alshahrani AM, Alotay AA. The prevalence of celiac disease in Saudi patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann Saudi Med. 2021;41(2):71-7.","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0108","article-title":"Frequency of Celiac Disease and Spontaneous Normalization Rate of Celiac Serology in Children and Adolescent Patients with Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Unal","year":"2021","unstructured":"24. Unal E, Demiral M, Baysal B, Agin M, Devecioglu EG, Demirbilek H, et al. Frequency of Celiac Disease and Spontaneous Normalization Rate of Celiac Serology in Children and Adolescent Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2021;13(1):72-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/pedm.2020.103113","article-title":"Increased prevalence of celiac disease and its clinical picture among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 - observations from a single pediatric center in Central Europe","volume":"27","author":"Wedrychowicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"25. Wedrychowicz A, Minasyan M, Pietraszek A, Centkowski J, Strek M, R\u00f3zanska J, et al. Increased prevalence of celiac disease and its clinical picture among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 - observations from a single pediatric center in Central Europe. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021;27(1):1-6.","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20250423135039_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.13126","article-title":"Celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes varies around the world: an international, cross-sectional study of 57 375 patients from the SWEET registry","volume":"13","author":"Taczanowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"26. Taczanowska A, Schwandt A, Amed S, T\u00f3th-Heyn P, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Volsky SK, et al. Celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes varies around the world: an international, cross-sectional study of 57 375 patients from the SWEET registry. J Diabetes. 2021;13(6):448-57.","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20250423135039_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-020-1923-6","article-title":"Celiac Disease in Indian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Agarwal","year":"2020","unstructured":"27. Agarwal N, Dave C, Patel R, Shukla R, Bajpai A. Celiac Disease in Indian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Indian Pediatr. 2020;57(8):750-2.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00476","article-title":"Increasing Co-occurrence of Additional Autoimmune Disorders at Diabetes Type 1 Onset Among Children and Adolescents Diagnosed in Years 2010-2018-Single-Center Study","volume":"11","author":"Glowinska-Olszewska","year":"2020","unstructured":"28. Glowinska-Olszewska B, Szablowski M, Panas P, Zola Dek K, Jamiolkowska-Sztabkowska M, Milewska AJ, et al. Increasing Co-occurrence of Additional Autoimmune Disorders at Diabetes Type 1 Onset Among Children and Adolescents Diagnosed in Years 2010-2018-Single-Center Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:476.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14164","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunction in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II","volume":"92","author":"Peters","year":"2020","unstructured":"29. Peters KE, Chubb SA, Bruce DG, Davis WA, Davis TM. Prevalence and incidence of thyroid dysfunction in type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults: The Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2020;92(4):373-82.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000502037","article-title":"Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Children and Adolescents with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2","volume":"92","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2019","unstructured":"30. Calcaterra V, Regalbuto C, Dobbiani G, Montalbano C, Vinci F, De Silvestri A, et al. Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases in Children and Adolescents with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2. Horm Res Paediatr. 2019;92(1):52-5.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-1737-P","article-title":"The Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases in Longstanding Diabetes: Results from the Canadian Study of Longevity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"68","author":"Card\u00ednez","year":"2019","unstructured":"31. Card\u00ednez N, Lovblom LE, Orszag A, Cherney DZ, Perkins BA. The Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases in Longstanding Diabetes: Results from the Canadian Study of Longevity in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2019;68(Suppl 1):1737-P.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12827","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in a large cohort of young patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Pu\u00f1ales","year":"2019","unstructured":"32. Pu\u00f1ales M, Bastos MD, Ramos AR, Pinto RB, Ott EA, Provenzi V, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in a large cohort of young patients with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2019;20(4):414-20.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14398","article-title":"Elevated anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes do not always indicate coeliac disease","volume":"108","author":"Rinawi","year":"2019","unstructured":"33. Rinawi F, Badarneh B, Tanous O, Bashir H, Tennenbaum-Rakover Y, Peleg S. Elevated anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes do not always indicate coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr. 2019;108(1):149-53.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14596","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of celiac disease in South African patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Results from the Durban Diabetes and Celiac Disease Study","volume":"34","author":"Paruk","year":"2019","unstructured":"34. Paruk IM, Naidoo VG, Pirie FJ, Maharaj S, Nkwanyana NM, Dinnematin HL, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of celiac disease in South African patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Results from the Durban Diabetes and Celiac Disease Study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(4):673-8.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.25100\/cm.v49i4.3650","article-title":"Prevalence of markers of celiac disease in Colombian children with diabetes mellitus type 1","volume":"49","author":"Velasco-Ben\u00edtez","year":"2018","unstructured":"35. Velasco-Ben\u00edtez CA, Ru\u00edz-Extremera \u00c1, Matallana-Rhoades AM, Giraldo-Lora SC, Ort\u00edz-Rivera CJ. Prevalence of markers of celiac disease in Colombian children with diabetes mellitus type 1. Colomb Med (Cali). 2018;49(4):273-9.","journal-title":"Colomb Med (Cali)"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20250423135039_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5353-4","article-title":"Celiac Disease and Celiac Antibodies in DM1 Patients: When Are Screening and Biopsy Recommended?","volume":"64","author":"Slae","year":"2019","unstructured":"36. Slae M, Romem A, Edri S, Toker O, Wilschanski M, Strich D. Celiac Disease and Celiac Antibodies in DM1 Patients: When Are Screening and Biopsy Recommended? Dig Dis Sci. 2019;64(2):487-92.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12856","article-title":"High prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases in adults with type 1 diabetes from the HealthFacts database","volume":"11","author":"Bao","year":"2019","unstructured":"37. Bao YK, Weide LG, Ganesan VC, Jakhar I, McGill JB, Sahil S, et al. High prevalence of comorbid autoimmune diseases in adults with type 1 diabetes from the HealthFacts database. J Diabetes. 2019;11(4):273-9.","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B38","volume-title":"Hashimoto Thyroiditis","author":"Mincer","year":"2024","unstructured":"38. Mincer DL, Jialal I. Hashimoto Thyroiditis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024."},{"key":"key20250423135039_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.618213","article-title":"Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease-The Genetic Link","volume":"12","author":"Frommer","year":"2021","unstructured":"39. Frommer L, Kahaly GJ. Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease-The Genetic Link. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:618213.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20250423135039_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2174\/138920207783591690","article-title":"The HLA Region and Autoimmune Disease: Associations and Mechanisms of Action","volume":"8","author":"Gough","year":"2007","unstructured":"40. Gough SC, Simmonds MJ. The HLA Region and Autoimmune Disease: Associations and Mechanisms of Action. Curr Genomics. 2007;8(7):453-65.","journal-title":"Curr Genomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20250423135039_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2018.33.2.175","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Studies of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Function, and Thyroid Cancer","volume":"33","author":"Hwangbo","year":"2018","unstructured":"41. Hwangbo Y, Park YJ. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Function, and Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2018;33(2):175-84.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.26","article-title":"Analysis of HLA class II genes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis reveals differences compared to Graves' disease","volume":"9","author":"Zeitlin","year":"2008","unstructured":"42. Zeitlin AA, Heward JM, Newby PR, Carr-Smith JD, Franklyn JA, Gough SC, et al. Analysis of HLA class II genes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis reveals differences compared to Graves' disease. Genes Immun. 2008;9(4):358-63.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20250423135039_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.02.017","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity","volume":"15","author":"Kahaly","year":"2016","unstructured":"43. Kahaly GJ, Hansen MP. Type 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15(7):644-8.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20250423135039_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1679","article-title":"Clinical review: Type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity: natural history, genetic associations, and screening","volume":"91","author":"Barker","year":"2006","unstructured":"44. Barker JM. Clinical review: Type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity: natural history, genetic associations, and screening. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(4):1210-7.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20250423135039_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.1995.tb00553.x","article-title":"Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients: value of annual screening","volume":"12","author":"Perros","year":"1995","unstructured":"45. Perros P, McCrimmon RJ, Shaw G, Frier BM. Frequency of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients: value of annual screening. Diabet Med. 1995;12(7):622-7.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20250423135039_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.10395","article-title":"Screening for Celiac Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"317","author":"Chou","year":"2017","unstructured":"46. Chou R, Bougatsos C, Blazina I, Mackey K, Grusing S, Selph S. Screening for Celiac Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017;317(12):1258-68.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002497","article-title":"European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease 2020","volume":"70","author":"Husby","year":"2020","unstructured":"47. Husby S, Koletzko S, Korponay-Szab\u00f3 I, Kurppa K, Mearin ML, Ribes-Koninckx C, et al. European Society Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Guidelines for Diagnosing Coeliac Disease 2020. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2020;70(1):141-56.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20250423135039_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318181afed","article-title":"Federation of International Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition consensus report on celiac disease","volume":"47","author":"Fasano","year":"2008","unstructured":"48. Fasano A, Araya M, Bhatnagar S, Cameron D, Catassi C, Dirks M, Mearin ML, Ortigosa L, Phillips A; Celiac Disease Working Group, FISPGHAN. Federation of International Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition consensus report on celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;47(2):214-9.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001216","article-title":"NASPGHAN Clinical Report on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gluten-related Disorders","volume":"63","author":"Hill","year":"2016","unstructured":"49. Hill ID, Fasano A, Guandalini S, Hoffenberg E, Levy J, Reilly N, et al. NASPGHAN Clinical Report on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gluten-related Disorders. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2016;63(1):156-65.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B50","article-title":"Diagnosis of celiac disease in children","author":"Stahl","year":"2023","unstructured":"50. Stahl M, Liu E. Diagnosis of celiac disease in children. UpToDate; 2023 [cited 2024 Dec 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/diagnosis-of-celiac-disease-in-children","journal-title":"UpToDate"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B51","article-title":"Undifferentiated systemic rheumatic (connective tissue) diseases and overlap syndromes","author":"Panush","year":"2021","unstructured":"51. Panush RS, Kramer N, Rosenstein ED, M Wise LM. Undifferentiated systemic rheumatic (connective tissue) diseases and overlap syndromes. UpToDate; 2021 [cited 2024 Dec 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-in-adults\/print","journal-title":"UpToDate"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20250423135039_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1157","article-title":"Late-Onset T1DM and Older Age Predict Risk of Additional Autoimmune Disease","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2019","unstructured":"52. Hughes JW, Bao YK, Salam M, Joshi P, Kilpatrick CR, Juneja K, et al. Late-Onset T1DM and Older Age Predict Risk of Additional Autoimmune Disease. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(1):32-8.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20250423135039_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.06.001","article-title":"High prevalence of systemic rheumatic diseases in women with type 1 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Bao","year":"2018","unstructured":"53. Bao YK, Salam M, Parks D, McGill JB, Hughes J. High prevalence of systemic rheumatic diseases in women with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2018;32(8):737-9.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"key20250423135039_B54","author":"Nieman","year":"2023","unstructured":"54. Nieman LK. Causes of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease). UpToDate; 2023 [cited 2024 Dec 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/diagnosis-of-adrenal- insufficiency-in-adults","journal-title":"Causes of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)"}],"container-title":["einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T09:50:53Z","timestamp":1745401853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.einstein.br\/article\/prevalence-of-autoimmune-diseases-in-patients-with-type-1-diabetes-a-scoping-review\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2025RW1222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2025rw1222","relation":{},"ISSN":["1679-4508","2317-6385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1679-4508","type":"print"},{"value":"2317-6385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"eRW1222"}}