{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:55:10Z","timestamp":1790618110205,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2026rw2548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:57:31Z","timestamp":1790614651000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pan-hypoileism: an endocrine disease"],"prefix":"10.31744","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6664-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16942","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B1","first-page":"671","article-title":"Gastrointestinal endocrinology","volume":"18","year":"1989","unstructured":"1. Gastrointestinal endocrinology. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1989;18(4): 671-930.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B2","volume-title":"Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system","author":"Stevens","year":"1995","unstructured":"2. Stevens CE, Hume ID. Comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.04.010","article-title":"GLP-1: Molecular mechanisms and outcomes of a complex signaling system","volume":"128","author":"Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"3. Smith NK, Hackett TA, Galli A, Flynn CR. GLP-1: Molecular mechanisms and outcomes of a complex signaling system. Neurochem Int. 2019;128: 94-105.","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0623-2909","article-title":"An Overview of FGF19 and FGF21: The Therapeutic Role in the Treatment of the Metabolic Disorders and Obesity","volume":"50","author":"Babaknejad","year":"2018","unstructured":"4. Babaknejad N, Nayeri H, Hemmati R, Bahrami S, Esmaillzadeh A. An Overview of FGF19 and FGF21: The Therapeutic Role in the Treatment of the Metabolic Disorders and Obesity. Horm Metab Res. 2018;50(6):441-52.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1179551419892985","article-title":"PYY, a Therapeutic Option for Type 2 Diabetes?","volume":"13","author":"Guida","year":"2020","unstructured":"5. Guida C, Ramracheya R. PYY, a Therapeutic Option for Type 2 Diabetes? Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2020;13:1179551419892985.","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109924","article-title":"Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: a meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals","volume":"188","author":"Noubiap","year":"2022","unstructured":"6. Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E, Nkeck JR, Nyaga UF, Ngouo AT, et al. Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: a meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;188:109924.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"42","key":"key20260928165728_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14419","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.REV120.012758","article-title":"Tracking the carbons supplying gluconeogenesis","volume":"295","author":"Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"7. Shah AM, Wondisford FE. Tracking the carbons supplying gluconeogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2020;295(42):14419-29.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1138","article-title":"Postprandial Aminogenic Insulin and Glucagon Secretion Can Stimulate Glucose Flux in Humans","volume":"68","author":"Ang","year":"2019","unstructured":"8. Ang T, Bruce CR, Kowalski GM. Postprandial Aminogenic Insulin and Glucagon Secretion Can Stimulate Glucose Flux in Humans. Diabetes. 2019;68(5):939-46.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260928165728_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf1948","article-title":"GIP mediates the incretin effect and glucose tolerance by dual actions on a cells and \u00df cells","volume":"7","author":"El","year":"2021","unstructured":"9. El K, Gray SM, Capozzi ME, Knuth ER, Jin E, Svendsen B, et al. GIP mediates the incretin effect and glucose tolerance by dual actions on a cells and \u00df cells. Sci Adv. 2021;7(11):eabf1948.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2011.01.002","article-title":"The incretin effect in cats: comparison between oral glucose, lipids, and amino acids","volume":"40","author":"Gilor","year":"2011","unstructured":"10. Gilor C, Graves TK, Gilor S, Ridge TK, Weng HY, Dossin O. The incretin effect in cats: comparison between oral glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2011;40(4):205-12.","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B11","first-page":"R437","article-title":"Glucose homeostasis in a carnivorous animal (cat) and in rats fed a high-protein diet","volume":"239","author":"Kettelhut","year":"1980","unstructured":"11. Kettelhut IC, Foss MC, Migliorini RH. Glucose homeostasis in a carnivorous animal (cat) and in rats fed a high-protein diet. Am J Physiol. 1980;239(5):R437-44.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13435","article-title":"Insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis","volume":"1411","author":"Hatting","year":"2018","unstructured":"12. Hatting M, Tavares CD, Sharabi K, Rines AK, Puigserver P. Insulin regulation of gluconeogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1411(1):21-35.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2013.04.004","article-title":"Distribution of K and L cells in the feline intestinal tract","volume":"45","author":"Gilor","year":"2013","unstructured":"13. Gilor C, Gilor S, Graves TK, Borst LB, Labelle P, Ridge TK, et al. Distribution of K and L cells in the feline intestinal tract. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2013;45(1):49-54.","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-06060-w","article-title":"GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36) is a systemic inhibitor of mouse and human pancreatic islet glucagon secretion","volume":"67","author":"Gandasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"14. Gandasi NR, Gao R, Kothegala L, Pearce A, Santos C, Acreman S, et al. GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36) is a systemic inhibitor of mouse and human pancreatic islet glucagon secretion. Diabetologia. 2024;67(3):528-46.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6688","key":"key20260928165728_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adj9223","article-title":"Cryptic diversity of cellulose-degrading gut bacteria in industrialized humans","volume":"383","author":"Mora\u00efs","year":"2024","unstructured":"15. Mora\u00efs S, Winkler S, Zorea A, Levin L, Nagies FS, Kapust N, et al. Cryptic diversity of cellulose-degrading gut bacteria in industrialized humans. Science. 2024;383(6688):eadj9223.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"24","key":"key20260928165728_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7751","DOI":"10.1113\/JP287463","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics of human organoid-derived enteroendocrine cell populations from the small intestine","volume":"603","author":"Smith","year":"2024","unstructured":"16. Smith CA, Lu VB, Bany Bakar R, Miedzybrodzka EL, Davison A, Goldspink DA, et al. Single-cell transcriptomics of human organoid-derived enteroendocrine cell populations from the small intestine. J Physiol. 2024;603(24):7751-63.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01452.x","article-title":"Regulation of glucagon secretion by incretins","volume":"13","author":"Holst","year":"2011","unstructured":"17. Holst JJ, Christensen M, Lund A, de Heer J, Svendsen B, Kielgast U, et al. Regulation of glucagon secretion by incretins. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011;13 Suppl 1:89-94.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260928165728_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4450-9","article-title":"Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals","volume":"61","author":"Jorsal","year":"2018","unstructured":"18. Jorsal T, Rhee NA, Pedersen J, Wahlgren CD, Mortensen B, Jepsen SL, et al. Enteroendocrine K and L cells in healthy and type 2 diabetic individuals. Diabetologia. 2018;61(2):284-94.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.6.916","article-title":"Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence?","volume":"38","author":"Ranganath","year":"1996","unstructured":"19. Ranganath LR, Beety JM, Morgan LM, Wright JW, Howland R, Marks V. Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence? Gut. 1996;38(6):916-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-23199","article-title":"Evidence for early impairment of glucagon-like peptide 1-induced insulin secretion in human type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Lugari","year":"2002","unstructured":"20. Lugari R, Dei Cas A, Ugolotti D, Finardi L, Barilli AL, Ognibene C, et al. Evidence for early impairment of glucagon-like peptide 1-induced insulin secretion in human type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetes. Horm Metab Res. 2002;34(3):150-4.","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e3182544f9e","article-title":"Basal glucagonlike peptide 1 levels and metabolic syndrome in obese patients","volume":"60","author":"de Luis","year":"2012","unstructured":"21. de Luis DA, Aller R, Conde R, Primo D, Izaola O, Castro MJ, et al. Basal glucagonlike peptide 1 levels and metabolic syndrome in obese patients. J Investig Med. 2012;60(6):874-7.","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260928165728_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.7.1942","article-title":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes impair insulin-induced suppression of glycogenolysis as well as gluconeogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Basu","year":"2005","unstructured":"22. Basu R, Chandramouli V, Dicke B, Landau B, Rizza R. Obesity and type 2 diabetes impair insulin-induced suppression of glycogenolysis as well as gluconeogenesis. Diabetes. 2005;54(7):1942-8.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260928165728_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.8.1367","article-title":"Influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes on gluconeogenesis and glucose output in humans: a quantitative study","volume":"49","author":"Gastaldelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"23. Gastaldelli A, Baldi S, Pettiti M, Toschi E, Camastra S, Natali A, et al. Influence of obesity and type 2 diabetes on gluconeogenesis and glucose output in humans: a quantitative study. Diabetes. 2000;49(8):1367-73.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260928165728_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-0433","article-title":"The Effect of Ingested Glucose Dose on the Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production in Humans","volume":"66","author":"Kowalski","year":"2017","unstructured":"24. Kowalski GM, Moore SM, Hamley S, Selathurai A, Bruce CR. The Effect of Ingested Glucose Dose on the Suppression of Endogenous Glucose Production in Humans. Diabetes. 2017;66(9):2400-6.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0102-672020190001e1503","article-title":"Does evolutionary biology help the understanding of metabolic surgery?","volume":"33","author":"Santoro","year":"2020","unstructured":"25. Santoro S, Aquino CG, Mota FC, Artoni RF. Does evolutionary biology help the understanding of metabolic surgery? Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2020;33(1):e1503.","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cir Dig"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260928165728_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2008.52","article-title":"Effect of the glycemic index of carbohydrates on day-long (10 h) profiles of plasma glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin and ghrelin","volume":"63","author":"Reynolds","year":"2009","unstructured":"26. Reynolds RC, Stockmann KS, Atkinson FS, Denyer GS, Brand-Miller JC. Effect of the glycemic index of carbohydrates on day-long (10 h) profiles of plasma glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin and ghrelin. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009;63(7):872-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"18","key":"key20260928165728_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.18.2414","article-title":"The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"287","author":"Ludwig","year":"2002","unstructured":"27. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2002;287(18):2414-23.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260928165728_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108693","article-title":"Insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia coincides with a persistent alteration at the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain","volume":"9","author":"Catalano","year":"2014","unstructured":"28. Catalano KJ, Maddux BA, Szary J, Youngren JF, Goldfine ID, Schaufele F. Insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia coincides with a persistent alteration at the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase domain. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e108693.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.05.011","article-title":"The evolutionary benefit of insulin resistance","volume":"31","author":"Soeters","year":"2012","unstructured":"29. Soeters MR, Soeters PB. The evolutionary benefit of insulin resistance. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(6):1002-7.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"15","key":"key20260928165728_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26157568","article-title":"GLUT4 trafficking and storage vesicles: molecular architecture, regulatory networks, and their disruption in insulin resistance","volume":"26","author":"Drobiova","year":"2025","unstructured":"30. Drobiova H, Alhamar G, Ahmad R, Al-Mulla F, Al Madhoun A. GLUT4 trafficking and storage vesicles: molecular architecture, regulatory networks, and their disruption in insulin resistance. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(15):7568.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01753-0","article-title":"GLUT1 and GLUT3 in brain glucose metabolism: mechanisms, regulation, and implications for metabolic disorders","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"31. Li X, Yang M, Wang T, Liu S, Han H, Dong P. GLUT1 and GLUT3 in brain glucose metabolism: mechanisms, regulation, and implications for metabolic disorders. Metab Brain Dis. 2025;41(1):3.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260928165728_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200817","article-title":"Prolonged fasting-induced metabolic signatures in human skeletal muscle of lean and obese men","volume":"13","author":"Bak","year":"2018","unstructured":"32. Bak AM, Vendelbo MH, Christensen B, Viggers R, Bibby BM, Rungby J, et al. Prolonged fasting-induced metabolic signatures in human skeletal muscle of lean and obese men. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0200817.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.08.023","article-title":"Postprandial insulin action relies on meal composition and hepatic parasympathetics: dependency on glucose and amino acids: Meal, parasympathetics & insulin action","volume":"27","author":"Afonso","year":"2016","unstructured":"33. Afonso RA, Gaspar JM, Lamar\u00e3o I, Lautt WW, Macedo MP. Postprandial insulin action relies on meal composition and hepatic parasympathetics: dependency on glucose and amino acids: Meal, parasympathetics & insulin action. J Nutr Biochem. 2016;27:70-8.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0190241","article-title":"Regulation of glucose transporters and hexose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin interactions","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"34. Wang Y, Kole HK, Montrose-Rafizadeh C, Perfetti R, Bernier M, Egan JM. Regulation of glucose transporters and hexose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin interactions. J Mol Endocrinol. 1997;19(3):241-8.","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"key20260928165728_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2780235","article-title":"Determination of the rates of appearance and loss of glucose transporters at the cell surface of rat adipose cells","volume":"278","author":"Clark","year":"1991","unstructured":"35. Clark AE, Holman GD, Kozka IJ. Determination of the rates of appearance and loss of glucose transporters at the cell surface of rat adipose cells. Biochem J. 1991;278 (Pt 1):235-41.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116776","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1 RA and DPP-4i induce insulin sensitivity","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","unstructured":"36. Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Molecular mechanisms by which GLP-1 RA and DPP-4i induce insulin sensitivity. Life Sci. 2019;234: 116776.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260928165728_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0016-2","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Andersen","year":"2018","unstructured":"37. Andersen A, Lund A, Knop FK, Vilsb\u00f8ll T. Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(7):390-403.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01168","article-title":"GLP-1 Improves adipocyte insulin sensitivity following induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"38. Jiang Y, Wang Z, Ma B, Fan L, Yi N, Lu B, et al. GLP-1 Improves adipocyte insulin sensitivity following induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1168.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12729","article-title":"Mechanisms of \u00df-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload","volume":"18","author":"Wortham","year":"2016","unstructured":"39. Wortham M, Sander M. Mechanisms of \u00df-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016;18 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):78-86. Review.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20221066","article-title":"Insulin signaling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance","volume":"51","author":"van Gerwen","year":"2023","unstructured":"40. van Gerwen J, Shun-Shion AS, Fazakerley DJ. Insulin signaling and GLUT4 trafficking in insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans. 2023;51(3):1057-69.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260928165728_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.325532","article-title":"Unraveling Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and the Restorative Role of Exercise","volume":"137","author":"Whytock","year":"2025","unstructured":"41. Whytock KL, Goodpaster BH. Unraveling Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance: Molecular Mechanisms and the Restorative Role of Exercise. Circ Res. 2025;137(2):184-204.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260928165728_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3239-3","article-title":"A prospective randomized controlled trial of the metabolic effects of sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition","volume":"28","author":"Azevedo","unstructured":"42. Azevedo FR, Santoro S, Correa-Giannella ML, Toyoshima MT, Giannella-Neto D, Calderaro D, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial of the metabolic effects of sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition. Obes Surg 28(10):3012-9.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1159\/000526718","article-title":"Weight loss, type 2 diabetes, and nutrition in 355 patients with obesity undergoing sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition: two-year outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Al","year":"2022","unstructured":"43. Al M, Taskin HE. Weight loss, type 2 diabetes, and nutrition in 355 patients with obesity undergoing sleeve gastrectomy with transit bipartition: two-year outcomes. Obes Facts. 2022;15(5):717-29.","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260928165728_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1597","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 recruits muscle microvasculature and improves insulin's metabolic action in the presence of insulin resistance","volume":"63","author":"Chai","year":"2014","unstructured":"44. Chai W, Zhang X, Barrett EJ, Liu Z. Glucagon-like peptide 1 recruits muscle microvasculature and improves insulin's metabolic action in the presence of insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2014;63(8):2788-99.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnaf006","article-title":"Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in incretin physiology: role in health and disease","volume":"46","author":"Wolfe","year":"2025","unstructured":"45. Wolfe MM, Boylan MO, Chin WW. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in incretin physiology: role in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 2025;46(4):479-500. Erratum in: Endocr Rev. 2025;46(6):954.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"key20260928165728_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00830-y","article-title":"The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation","volume":"20","author":"Bany Bakar","year":"2023","unstructured":"46. Bany Bakar R, Reimann F, Gribble FM. The intestine as an endocrine organ and the role of gut hormones in metabolic regulation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20(12):784-96.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0765","article-title":"Elevated plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide associates with hyperinsulinemia in metabolic syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Calanna","year":"2012","unstructured":"47. Calanna S, Urbano F, Piro S, Zagami RM, Di Pino A, Spadaro L, et al. Elevated plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide associates with hyperinsulinemia in metabolic syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012;166(5): 917-22.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260928165728_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030204","article-title":"Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36","volume":"349","author":"Batterham","year":"2003","unstructured":"48. Batterham RL, Cohen MA, Ellis SM, Le Roux CW, Withers DJ, Frost GS, et al. Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(10):941-8.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.6.916","article-title":"Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence?","volume":"38","author":"Ranganath","year":"1996","unstructured":"49. Ranganath LR, Beety JM, Morgan LM, Wright JW, Howland R, Marks V. Attenuated GLP-1 secretion in obesity: cause or consequence? Gut. 1996;38(6):916-9.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260928165728_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.04.003","article-title":"A major role of insulin in promoting obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Pedersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"50. Pedersen DJ, Guilherme A, Danai LV, Heyda L, Matevossian A, Cohen J, et al. A major role of insulin in promoting obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Mol Metab. 2015;4(7):507-18.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-024-10450-6","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists as promising anti-inflammatory agents in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"30","author":"Bonfioli","year":"2025","unstructured":"51. Bonfioli GB, Rodella L, Metra M, Vizzardi E. GLP-1 receptor agonists as promising anti-inflammatory agents in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev. 2025;30(1):131-6.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0958","article-title":"Exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide worsens post prandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Chia","year":"2009","unstructured":"52. Chia CW, Carlson OD, Kim W, Shin YK, Charles CP, Kim HS, et al. Exogenous glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide worsens post prandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2009;58(6):1342-9.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35310-5","article-title":"Upper gut heat shock proteins HSP70 and GRP78 promote insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"13","author":"Angelini","year":"2022","unstructured":"53. Angelini G, Castagneto-Gissey L, Salinari S, Bertuzzi A, Anello D, Pradhan M, et al. Upper gut heat shock proteins HSP70 and GRP78 promote insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):7715.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10402","key":"key20260928165728_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01200-X","article-title":"Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Garvey","year":"2023","unstructured":"54. Garvey WT, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, le Roux CW, Sattar N, Aizenberg D, Mao H, Zhang S, Ahmad NN, Bunck MC, Benabbad I, Zhang XM; SURMOUNT-2 investigators. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10402):613-26.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1646258","article-title":"Global prevalence of insulin resistance in the adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ballena-Caicedo","year":"2025","unstructured":"55. Ballena-Caicedo J, Zuzunaga-Montoya FE, Loayza-Castro JA, Bustamante-Rodr\u00edguez JC, V\u00e1squez Romero LE, Tapia-Limonchi R, et al. Global prevalence of insulin resistance in the adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1646258.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260928165728_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.19.9.1018","article-title":"Role of glucose effectiveness in the determination of glucose tolerance","volume":"19","author":"Best","year":"1996","unstructured":"56. Best JD, Kahn SE, Ader M, Watanabe RM, Ni TC, Bergman RN. Role of glucose effectiveness in the determination of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(9):1018-30.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"key20260928165728_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G940","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00398.2012","article-title":"Potent stimulation of fibroblast growth factor 19 expression in the human ileum by bile acids","volume":"304","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"57. Zhang JH, Nolan JD, Kennie SL, Johnston IM, Dew T, Dixon PH, et al. Potent stimulation of fibroblast growth factor 19 expression in the human ileum by bile acids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2013;304(10):G940-8.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"key20260928165728_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4799","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70710","article-title":"FGF19 action in the brain induces insulin-independent glucose lowering","volume":"123","author":"Morton","year":"2013","unstructured":"58. Morton GJ, Matsen ME, Bracy DP, Meek TH, Nguyen HT, Stefanovski D, et al. FGF19 action in the brain induces insulin-independent glucose lowering. J Clin Invest. 2013;123(11):4799-808.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2989","article-title":"Glucose effectiveness is a critical pathogenic factor leading to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes: An ignored hypothesis","volume":"34","author":"Alford","year":"2018","unstructured":"59. Alford FP, Henriksen JE, Rantzau C, Beck-Nielsen H. Glucose effectiveness is a critical pathogenic factor leading to glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes: An ignored hypothesis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2018; 34(4):e2989.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2250-7830","article-title":"FGF19 promotes the proliferation and insulin secretion from human pancreatic \u00df cells Via the IRS1\/GLUT4 pathway","volume":"132","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"60. Zeng T, Tang X, Bai X, Xiong H. FGF19 promotes the proliferation and insulin secretion from human pancreatic \u00df cells Via the IRS1\/GLUT4 pathway. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2024;132(3):152-61.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"issue":"6024","key":"key20260928165728_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198363","article-title":"FGF19 as a postprandial, insulin-independent activator of hepatic protein and glycogen synthesis","volume":"331","author":"Kir","year":"2011","unstructured":"61. Kir S, Beddow SA, Samuel VT, Miller P, Previs SF, Suino-Powell K, et al. FGF19 as a postprandial, insulin-independent activator of hepatic protein and glycogen synthesis. Science. 2011;331(6024):1621-4.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B62","first-page":"386","article-title":"Role of fibroblast growth factor 19 in the control of glucose homeostasis","volume":"15","author":"Schaap","year":"2012","unstructured":"62. Schaap FG. Role of fibroblast growth factor 19 in the control of glucose homeostasis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012;15(4):386-91.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8152","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27603","article-title":"Insulin resistance: Review of the underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","unstructured":"63. Yaribeygi H, Farrokhi FR, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Insulin resistance: Review of the underlying molecular mechanisms. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(6): 8152-61.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260928165728_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116928","article-title":"Perturbations of fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Roesch","year":"2015","unstructured":"64. Roesch SL, Styer AM, Wood GC, Kosak Z, Seiler J, Benotti P, et al. Perturbations of fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0116928.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260928165728_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1766","article-title":"Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 levels are decreased in Chinese subjects with impaired fasting glucose and inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose levels","volume":"36","author":"Fang","year":"2013","unstructured":"65. Fang Q, Li H, Song Q, Yang W, Hou X, Ma X, et al. Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 levels are decreased in Chinese subjects with impaired fasting glucose and inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose levels. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(9):2810-4.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.641713","article-title":"An analysis of glucose effectiveness in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes via hierarchical modeling","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"66. Hu S, Lu Y, Tura A, Pacini G, D'Argenio DZ. An analysis of glucose effectiveness in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes via hierarchical modeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:641713.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030883","article-title":"Nutrient-induced cellular mechanisms of gut hormone secretion","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"67. Lu VB, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Nutrient-induced cellular mechanisms of gut hormone secretion. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):883.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260928165728_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-025-02343-6","article-title":"Common channel length and implications to the weight loss","volume":"77","author":"Santoro","year":"2025","unstructured":"68. Santoro S, Mota FC, de Aquino CG, de Godoy EP. Common channel length and implications to the weight loss. Updates Surg. 2025;77(7):2145-50.","journal-title":"Updates Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260928165728_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000590","article-title":"From bariatric to pure metabolic surgery: new concepts on the rise","volume":"262","author":"Santoro","year":"2015","unstructured":"69. Santoro S. From bariatric to pure metabolic surgery: new concepts on the rise. Ann Surg. 2015;262(2):e79-80.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000448","article-title":"Gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying","volume":"26","author":"Camilleri","year":"2019","unstructured":"70. Camilleri M. Gastrointestinal hormones and regulation of gastric emptying. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2019;26(1):3-10.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-030713-092346","article-title":"Gastric digestion in vivo and in vitro: how the structural aspects of food influence the digestion process","volume":"5","author":"Bornhorst","year":"2014","unstructured":"71. Bornhorst GM, Singh RP. Gastric digestion in vivo and in vitro: how the structural aspects of food influence the digestion process. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2014;5:111-32.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"23","key":"key20260928165728_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236031","article-title":"The phylogeny and biological function of gastric juice - microbiological consequences of removing gastric acid","volume":"20","author":"Martinsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"72. Martinsen TC, Fossmark R, Waldum HL. The phylogeny and biological function of gastric juice - microbiological consequences of removing gastric acid. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(23):6031.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30302-2","article-title":"Adaptations in gastrointestinal physiology after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","volume":"6","author":"Steenackers","year":"2021","unstructured":"73. Steenackers N, Vanuytsel T, Augustijns P, Tack J, Mertens A, Lannoo M, et al. Adaptations in gastrointestinal physiology after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6(3):225-37.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13546","article-title":"Advances in the physiology of gastric emptying","volume":"31","author":"Goyal","year":"2019","unstructured":"74. Goyal RK, Guo Y, Mashimo H. Advances in the physiology of gastric emptying. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019;31(4):e13546.","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.3.341","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide on motility and sensation of the proximal stomach in humans","volume":"50","author":"Schirra","year":"2002","unstructured":"75. Schirra J, Wank U, Arnold R, G\u00f6ke B, Katschinski M. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide on motility and sensation of the proximal stomach in humans. Gut. 2002;50(3):341-8.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000859","article-title":"Gut hormones and appetite regulation","volume":"31","author":"Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"76. Hong SH, Choi KM. Gut hormones and appetite regulation. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2024;31(3):115-21.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.003","article-title":"AGA clinical practice guidelines on intragastric balloons in the management of obesity","volume":"160","author":"Muniraj","year":"2021","unstructured":"77. Muniraj T, Day LW, Teigen LM, Ho EY, Sultan S, Davitkov P, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on intragastric balloons in the management of obesity. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(5):1799-815.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2016.04.027","article-title":"FGF19 and FGF21 serum concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes behave differently after diet- or surgically-induced weight loss","volume":"36","author":"G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi","year":"2017","unstructured":"78. G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi J, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Catal\u00e1n V, Rodr\u00edguez A, Domingo P, Moncada R, et al. FGF19 and FGF21 serum concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes behave differently after diet- or surgically-induced weight loss. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(3):861-8.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12221","article-title":"GLP-1 and peptide YY secretory response after fat load is impaired by insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese subjects","volume":"80","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2014","unstructured":"79. Fern\u00e1ndez-Garc\u00eda JC, Murri M, Coin-Arag\u00fcez L, Alcaide J, El Bekay R, Tinahones FJ. GLP-1 and peptide YY secretory response after fat load is impaired by insulin resistance, impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes in morbidly obese subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;80(5):671-6.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E279","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00156.2024","article-title":"The role of FGF19 in metabolic regulation: insights from preclinical models to clinical trials","volume":"327","author":"Carvalho","year":"2024","unstructured":"80. Carvalho MB, Jorge GM, Zanardo LW, Hamada LM, Izabel LD, Santoro S, et al. The role of FGF19 in metabolic regulation: insights from preclinical models to clinical trials. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2024;327(3):E279-89.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E524","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00488.2024","article-title":"Central FGF19 signaling enhances energy homeostasis and adipose tissue thermogenesis through sympathetic activation in obese mice","volume":"328","author":"Zangerolamo","year":"2025","unstructured":"81. Zangerolamo L, Carvalho M, Solon C, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Soares GM, Marmentini C, et al. Central FGF19 signaling enhances energy homeostasis and adipose tissue thermogenesis through sympathetic activation in obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2025;328(4):E524-42.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.5.8850","article-title":"Transgenic mice expressing human fibroblast growth factor-19 display increased metabolic rate and decreased adiposity","volume":"143","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2002","unstructured":"82. Tomlinson E, Fu L, John L, Hultgren B, Huang X, Renz M, et al. Transgenic mice expressing human fibroblast growth factor-19 display increased metabolic rate and decreased adiposity. Endocrinology. 2002;143(5):1741-7.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.11.061","article-title":"Small heterodimer partner and fibroblast growth factor 19 inhibit expression of NPC1L1 in mouse intestine and cholesterol absorption","volume":"156","author":"Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"83. Kim YC, Byun S, Seok S, Guo G, Xu HE, Kemper B, et al. Small heterodimer partner and fibroblast growth factor 19 inhibit expression of NPC1L1 in mouse intestine and cholesterol absorption. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(4):1052-65.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"key20260928165728_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072345","article-title":"Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 are inversely associated with coronary artery disease in chinese individuals","volume":"8","author":"Hao","year":"2013","unstructured":"84. Hao Y, Zhou J, Zhou M, Ma X, Lu Z, Gao M, et al. Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 are inversely associated with coronary artery disease in chinese individuals. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e72345.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"15","key":"key20260928165728_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10023","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808818200","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-19, a novel factor that inhibits hepatic fatty acid synthesis","volume":"284","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2009","unstructured":"85. Bhatnagar S, Damron HA, Hillgartner FB. Fibroblast growth factor-19, a novel factor that inhibits hepatic fatty acid synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(15):10023-33.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19803-9","article-title":"Intestinal FGF15\/19 physiologically repress hepatic lipogenesis in the late fed-state by activating SHP and DNMT3A","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"86. Kim YC, Seok S, Zhang Y, Ma J, Kong B, Guo G, et al. Intestinal FGF15\/19 physiologically repress hepatic lipogenesis in the late fed-state by activating SHP and DNMT3A. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):5969.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106426","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 and fibroblast growth factor-21 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: an experimental to clinical perspective","volume":"184","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","unstructured":"87. Yadav P, Khurana A, Bhatti JS, Weiskirchen R, Navik U. Glucagon-like peptide 1 and fibroblast growth factor-21 in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: an experimental to clinical perspective. Pharmacol Res. 2022;184:106426.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2023.101718","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-21 is required for weight loss induced by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in male mice fed high carbohydrate diets","volume":"72","author":"Le","year":"2023","unstructured":"88. Le TD, Fathi P, Watters AB, Ellis BJ, Besing GK, Bozadjieva-Kramer N, et al. Fibroblast growth factor-21 is required for weight loss induced by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in male mice fed high carbohydrate diets. Mol Metab. 2023;72:101718.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.01.006","article-title":"FGF21 Lowers Plasma Triglycerides by Accelerating Lipoprotein Catabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues","volume":"23","author":"Schlein","year":"2016","unstructured":"89. Schlein C, Talukdar S, Heine M, Fischer AW, Krott LM, Nilsson SK, et al. FGF21 Lowers Plasma Triglycerides by Accelerating Lipoprotein Catabolism in White and Brown Adipose Tissues. Cell Metab. 2016;23(3):441-53.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"key20260928165728_B90","article-title":"Major lipids and lipoprotein levels and risk of blood pressure elevation: a Mendelian randomisation study","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"90. Liu W, Yang C, Lei F, Huang X, Cai J, Chen S, et al. Major lipids and lipoprotein levels and risk of blood pressure elevation: a Mendelian randomisation study. EBioMedicine. 2024;99:104964.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15761","article-title":"Association of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors with hypertension: a mendelian randomization study","volume":"76","author":"van Oort","year":"2020","unstructured":"91. van Oort S, Beulens JW, van Ballegooijen AJ, Grobbee DE, Larsson SC. Association of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors with hypertension: a mendelian randomization study. Hypertension. 2020; 76(6):1971-9.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02202-3","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia impact on arterial parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Rinkuniene","year":"2021","unstructured":"92. Rinkuniene E, D\u017eenkeviciute V, Petrulioniene \u017d, Majauskiene E, Ryli\u0161kyte L, Puronaite R, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia impact on arterial parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021; 21(1):393.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-005-0126-y","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes the postprandial rise in triglyceride concentrations and lowers levels of non-esterified fatty acids in humans","volume":"49","author":"Meier","year":"2006","unstructured":"93. Meier JJ, Gethmann A, G\u00f6tze O, Gallwitz B, Holst JJ, Schmidt WE, et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes the postprandial rise in triglyceride concentrations and lowers levels of non-esterified fatty acids in humans. Diabetologia. 2006;49(3):452-8.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"27","author":"Drucker","year":"2018","unstructured":"94. Drucker DJ. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1. Cell Metab. 2018;27(4):740-56.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"key20260928165728_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067578","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory function as an independent determinant of blood pressure: analysis in the Tanno-Sobetsu study","volume":"8","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2013","unstructured":"95. Yoshihara M, Akasaka H, Ohnishi H, Miki T, Furukawa T, Yuda S, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 secretory function as an independent determinant of blood pressure: analysis in the Tanno-Sobetsu study. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7):e67578.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"key20260928165728_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14400","article-title":"DPP (Dipeptidyl Peptidase)-4 Inhibitor Attenuates Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via GLP (Glucagon-Like Peptide)-1-Dependent Suppression of Nox (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase) 4-HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) 4 Pathway","volume":"75","author":"Okabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"96. Okabe K, Matsushima S, Ikeda S, Ikeda M, Ishikita A, Tadokoro T, et al. DPP (Dipeptidyl Peptidase)-4 Inhibitor Attenuates Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy via GLP (Glucagon-Like Peptide)-1-Dependent Suppression of Nox (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase) 4-HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) 4 Pathway. Hypertension. 2020; 75(4):991-1001.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"key20260928165728_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.008","article-title":"Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake","volume":"30","author":"Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"97. Hall KD, Ayuketah A, Brychta R, Cai H, Cassimatis T, Chen KY, et al. Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell Metab. 2019;30(1):67-77.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"10520","key":"key20260928165728_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01565-X","article-title":"Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence","volume":"406","author":"Monteiro","year":"2025","unstructured":"98. Monteiro CA, Louzada ML, Steele-Martinez E, Cannon G, Andrade GC, Baker P, et al. Ultra-processed foods and human health: the main thesis and the evidence. Lancet. 2025;406(10520):2667-84.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"key20260928165728_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181758ddb","article-title":"Is the metabolic syndrome a disease of the foregut? Yes, excessive foregut","volume":"247","author":"Santoro","year":"2008","unstructured":"99. Santoro S. Is the metabolic syndrome a disease of the foregut? Yes, excessive foregut. Ann Surg. 2008;247(6):1074-5.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"key20260928165728_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0566","article-title":"Diet and gastrointestinal bypass-induced weight loss: the roles of ghrelin and peptide YY","volume":"60","author":"Chandarana","year":"2011","unstructured":"100. Chandarana K, Gelegen C, Karra E, Choudhury AI, Drew ME, Fauveau V, et al. Diet and gastrointestinal bypass-induced weight loss: the roles of ghrelin and peptide YY. Diabetes. 2011;60(3):810-8.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"key20260928165728_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(25)00166-4","article-title":"Incretins and the cardiovascular system: bridging digestion with metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Avogaro","year":"2025","unstructured":"101. Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Incretins and the cardiovascular system: bridging digestion with metabolism. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025;13(9): 790-802.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260928165728_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.2.7983","article-title":"Minireview: the glucagon-like peptides","volume":"142","author":"Drucker","year":"2001","unstructured":"102. Drucker DJ. Minireview: the glucagon-like peptides. Endocrinology. 2001; 142(2):521-7.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"key20260928165728_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-025-08395-2","article-title":"Medium-term comparative results of transit bipartition and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch in patients with a BMI = 50","volume":"36","author":"Topart","year":"2026","unstructured":"103. Topart P, Bougard M, Becouarn G, Finel JB, Roulet M, Rade F. Medium-term comparative results of transit bipartition and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch in patients with a BMI = 50. Obes Surg. 2026;36(2):482-90.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"key20260928165728_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.03.003","article-title":"High glycemic index metabolic damage - a pivotal role of GIP and GLP-1","volume":"29","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2018","unstructured":"104. Pfeiffer AF, Keyhani-Nejad F. High glycemic index metabolic damage - a pivotal role of GIP and GLP-1. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2018;29(5):289-99.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9411","key":"key20260928165728_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15696-1","article-title":"Hypothyroidism","volume":"363","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","unstructured":"105. Roberts CG, Ladenson PW. Hypothyroidism. Lancet. 2004;363(9411):793-803.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:57:44Z","timestamp":1790614664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journal.einstein.br\/article\/pan-hypoileism-an-endocrine-disease\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2026RW2548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2026rw2548","relation":{},"ISSN":["1679-4508","2317-6385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1679-4508","type":"print"},{"value":"2317-6385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"eRW2548"}}