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Supplementing healthy women with up to 5.0 g\/d of L-tryptophan has no adverse effects. J Nutr 143: 859-866.","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.173823"},{"key":"2","unstructured":"2) Knox WE. 1951. Two mechanisms which increase in vivo liver tryptophan peroxidase activity: specific enzyme adaptation and stimulation of pituitary-adrenal system. Br J Exp Pathol 32: 462-469."},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Schimke RT, Sweeney EW, Berlin CM. 1965. The roles of synthesis and degradation in the control of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase. J Biol Chem 240: 322-331.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)97652-0"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Badawy AAB, Evans M. 1974. Guinea-pig liver tryptophan pyrrolase. Absence of detectable apoenzyme activity and of hormonal induction by cortisol and possible regulation by tryptophan. 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Preparation of 2- and 6-pyridones of <i>N<\/i><sup>1<\/sup>-methylnicotinamide. J Biol Chem 206: 121-127.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71302-1"},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9) Shibata K, Kawada T, Iwai K. 1988. Simultaneous micro-determination of nicotinamide and its major metabolites, <i>N<\/i><sup>1<\/sup>-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and <i>N<\/i><sup>1<\/sup>-methyl-3-pyridone-4-carboxamide, by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 424: 23-28."},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Hiratsuka C, Fukuwatari T, Shibata K. 2012. Fate of dietary tryptophan in young Japanese women. Int J Tryptophan Res 5: 33-47.","DOI":"10.4137\/IJTR.S10497"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. 1983. New metabolites of riboflavin appear in human urine. 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The niacin required for optimum growth can be synthesized from L-tryptophan in growing mice lacking tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. J Nutr 2013 jn.113.176875; first published online May 22, 2013."},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Kawai J, Okuno E, Kido R. 1988. Organ distribution of rat kynureninase and changes of its activity during development. Enzyme 39: 181-189.","DOI":"10.1159\/000469117"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Tanizawa K, Soda K. 1979. Purification and properties of pig liver kynureninase. J Biochem 85: 901-906.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132421"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) Lima S, Kristoforov R, Momany C, Phillips RS. 2007. Crystal structure of Homo sapiens kynureninase. Biochemistry 46: 2735-2744.","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0616697"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Yeh JK, Rown RR. 1977. Effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency and tryptophan loading on urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites in mammals. J Nutr 107: 261-271.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/107.2.261"},{"key":"20","unstructured":"20) Shibata K, Onodera M, Shimada S, Yasuda K. 1992. Changes in nicotinamide metabolism and its bioavailability during long-term administration of a multivitamin preparation. Vitamins 66: 309-314 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21) Uemura T, Hirai K. 1998. L-kynurenine 3-monooxygenase from mitochondrial outer membrane of pig liver: purification, some properties and monoclonal antibodies directed to the enzyme. J Biochem 123: 253-262."},{"key":"22","unstructured":"22) Takeuchi F, Otsuka H, Shibata Y. 1983. Purification, characterization and identification of rat liver mitochondrial kynurenine aminotransferase with alpha-aminoadipate aminotransferase. Biochim Biophys Acta 743: 323-330."},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Siow YL, Dakshinamurti K. 1985. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in adult rat brain. Exp Brain Res 59: 575-581.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00261349"},{"key":"24","unstructured":"24) Porter CC, Clerk I, Silber RH. 1948. The effect of B vitamin deficiencies on tryptophan metabolism in the rat. Arch Biochem 8: 339-343."},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Shibata K, Sugita C, Sano M, Fukuwatari T. 2013. Urinary excretions of B-group vitamins reflect the nutritional status of B-group vitamins in rats. J Nutr Sci 2 (e12): 1-7. doi:10.1017\/jns.2013.3","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2013.3"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Tsuji T, Fukuwatari S, Sasaki S, Shibata K. 2010. Twenty-four-hour urinary water-soluble vitamin levels correlate with their intakes in free-living Japanese university students. 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