{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T14:40:27Z","timestamp":1768833627308,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Center for Academic Publications Japan","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol","J Nutr Sci Vitaminol","JNSV"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.63.284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]],"date-time":"2017-12-07T17:10:55Z","timestamp":1512666655000},"page":"284-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence and Trends of Vitamin D Deficiency among Iranian Adults: A Longitudinal Study from 2001-2013"],"prefix":"10.3177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"KHOSRAVI-BOROUJENI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Griffith University"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nizal","family":"SARRAFZADEGAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoumeh","family":"SADEGHI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"ROOHAFZA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Cardiovascular Research"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Kay","family":"NG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Griffith University"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"POURMOGADDAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faruk","family":"AHMED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Griffith University"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1759","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Shaw NJ. 2004. Vitamin D deficiency rickets. In: Vitamin D and Rickets, Vol 6, p 93-104. Karger Publishers, London.","DOI":"10.1159\/000072772"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Vieth R, Kimball S, Hu A, Walfish PG. 2004. Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients. Nutr J 3: 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-3-8"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Nadir MA, Szwejkowski BR, Witham MD. 2010. Vitamin D and cardiovascular prevention. Cardiovasc Ther 28: e5-e12.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2010.00192.x"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Holick MF. 2002. Vitamin D: the underappreciated D-lightful hormone that is important for skeletal and cellular health. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 9: 87-98.","DOI":"10.1097\/00060793-200202000-00011"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Holick MF. 2010. Vitamin D: Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Clinical Applications. Springer, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-303-9"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Zittermann A, Iodice S, Pilz S, Grant WB, Bagnardi V, Gandini S. 2012. Vitamin D deficiency and mortality risk in the general population: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 95: 91-100.","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.014779"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Melamed ML, Michos ED, Post W, Astor B. 2008. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of mortality in the general population. Arch Intern Med 168: 1629-1637.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.15.1629"},{"key":"8","unstructured":"8) Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, Seelhorst U, Wellnitz B, Kinkeldei J, Boehm BO, Weihrauch G, Maerz W. 2008. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 168: 1340-1349."},{"key":"9","unstructured":"9) Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. National Academies Press, Washington DC."},{"key":"10","unstructured":"10) Gallagher JC, Sai AJ. 2010. Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95: 2630-2633."},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Mithal A, Wahl D, Bonjour J-P, Burckhardt P, Dawson-Hughes B, Eisman J, Fuleihan GE-H, Josse R, Lips P, Morales-Torres J. 2009. Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. Osteoporos Int 20: 1807-1820.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0954-6"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12) Holick MF. 2007. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 357: 266-281.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Ramphal L, Zhang J, Suzuki S. 2014. Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in American adults: data from the Examination of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010. Proc (Bayl Uni Med Cent) 27: 92-95.","DOI":"10.1080\/08998280.2014.11929066"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Quaggiotto P, Tran H, Bhanugopan M. 2014. Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent despite increased laboratory testing in New South Wales, Australia. Singapore Med J 55: 271.","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2014071"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Lips P. 2007. Vitamin D status and nutrition in Europe and Asia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 103: 620-625.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.076"},{"key":"16","unstructured":"16) Gaafar M, Badr S. 2013. An alarming high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adults. Life Sci J 10: 3292-3298."},{"key":"17","unstructured":"17) Ardawi M-S, Sibiany A, Bakhsh T, Qari M, Maimani A. 2012. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy Saudi Arabian men: relationship to bone mineral density, parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers, and lifestyle factors. Osteoporos Int 23: 675-686."},{"key":"18","unstructured":"18) Heshmat R, Mohammad K, Majdzadeh S, Forouzanfar M, Bahrami A, Omrani GR, Nabipour I, Rajabian R, Hossein-Nezhad A, Hemami MR. 2008. Vitamin D deficiency in Iran: A multi-center study among different urban areas. Iran J Public Health 37(sup): 72-78."},{"key":"19","unstructured":"19) Hossein-Nezhad A, Khoshniat N, Maghbooli M, Karimi Z, Mirzaei F, Hosseini A, Larijani B. 2009. Relationship between serum vitamin D concentration and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults population. Daru 17: 1-5."},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Hovsepian S, Amini M, Aminorroaya A, Amini P, Iraj B. 2011. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among adult population of Isfahan City, Iran. J Health Popul Nutr 29: 149.","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v29i2.7857"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"21) Sarrafzadegan N, Talaei M, Sadeghi M, Kelishadi R, Oveisgharan S, Mohammadifard N, Sajjadieh AR, Kabiri P, Marshall T, Thomas GN. 2011. The Isfahan cohort study: Rationale, methods and main findings. J Hum Hypertens 25: 545-553."},{"key":"22","unstructured":"22) Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M, Oveisgharan S, Iranipour R. 2013. Incidence of cardiovascular diseases in an Iranian population: the Isfahan Cohort Study. Arch Iran Med 16: 138."},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, Jacques PF, Ingelsson E, Lanier K, Benjamin EJ, D&rsquo;Agostino RB, Wolf M, Vasan RS. 2008. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation 117: 503-511.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706127"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Hollis BW. 2008. Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs. Am J Clin Nutr 88: 507S-510S.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.2.507S"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Sarraf-Zadegan N, Sadri G, Malek Afzali H, Baghaei M, Mohammadi Fard N, Shahrokhi S, Tolooie H, Pourmoghaddas M, Sadeghi M, Tavassoli A. 2003. Isfahan Healthy Heart Program: A comprehensive integrated community-based program for cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Acta Cardiol 58: 309-320.","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.58.4.2005288"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Khosravi-Boroujeni H, Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammadifard N, Sajjadi F, Maghroun M, Asgari S, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Azadbakht L. 2013. White rice consumption and CVD risk factors among Iranian population. J Health Popul Nutr 31: 252-261.","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v31i2.16390"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Hanley JA, Negassa A, Forrester JE. 2003. Statistical analysis of correlated data using generalized estimating equations: an orientation. Am J Epidemiol 157: 364-375.","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf215"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Baroncelli GI, Bereket A, El Kholy M, Audi L, Cesur Y, Ozkan B, Rashad M, Fern&aacute;ndez-Cancio M, Weisman Y, Saggese G. 2008. Rickets in the Middle East: role of environment and genetic predisposition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 1743-1750.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1413"},{"key":"29","unstructured":"29) Shahla A, Charehsaz S, Talebi R, Omrani M. 2005. Vitamin D deficiency in young females with musculoskeletal complaints in Urmia, northwest of Iran. IJMS 30: 88-90."},{"key":"30","unstructured":"30) Rahnavard Z, Eybpoosh S, Homami MR, Meybodi HA, Azemati B, Heshmat R, Larijani B. 2010. Vitamin D deficiency in healthy male population: Results of the Iranian multi-center osteoporosis study. Iran J Public Health 39: 45."},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Meerza D, Naseem I, Ahmed J. 2010. Can Vitamin D be a potential treatment for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 4: 245-248.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2010.09.001"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Holick MF. 2004. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 362-371.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.3.362"},{"key":"33","unstructured":"33) Hagenau T, Vest R, Gissel T, Poulsen C, Erlandsen M, Mosekilde L, Vestergaard P. 2009. Global vitamin D levels in relation to age, gender, skin pigmentation and latitude: an ecologic meta-regression analysis. Osteoporos Int 20: 133-140."},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Faurschou A, Beyer D, Schmedes A, Bogh M, Philipsen P, Wulf H. 2012. The relation between sunscreen layer thickness and vitamin D production after ultraviolet B exposure: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol 167: 391-395.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11004.x"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Hiom S. 2006. Public awareness regarding UV risks and vitamin D&mdash;the challenges for UK skin cancer prevention campaigns. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 92: 161-166.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.012"},{"key":"36","unstructured":"36) Aguado P, Del Campo M, Garces M, Gonzalez-Casaus M, Bernad M, Gijon-Banos J, Mola EM, Torrijos A, Martinez M. 2000. Low vitamin D levels in outpatient postmenopausal women from a rheumatology clinic in Madrid, Spain: their relationship with bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 11: 739-744."},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Puri S, Marwaha RK, Agarwal N, Tandon N, Agarwal R, Grewal K, Reddy D, Singh S. 2008. Vitamin D status of apparently healthy schoolgirls from two different socioeconomic strata in Delhi: relation to nutrition and lifestyle. Br J Nutr 99: 876-882.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507831758"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Hosseinpanah F, Sima H, Heibatollahi M, Moghbel N, Asefzade S, Azizi F. 2010. The effects of air pollution on vitamin D status in healthy women: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 10: 519.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-519"},{"key":"39","unstructured":"39) Holick M, Matsuoka L, Wortsman J. 1989. Age, vitamin D, and solar ultraviolet. Lancet 334: 1104-1105."},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Moussavi M, Heidarpour R, Aminorroaya A, Pournaghshband Z, Amini M. 2005. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Isfahani high school students in 2004. Horm Res 64: 144-148.","DOI":"10.1159\/000088588"},{"key":"41","unstructured":"41) Dijkstra S, Van Beek A, Janssen J, De Vleeschouwer L, Huysman W, Van den Akker E. 2007. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in newborn infants of high-risk mothers. Arch Dis Child 92: 750-753."},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Kiefer I, Rathmanner T, Kunze M. 2005. Eating and dieting differences in men and women. J Mens Health Gend 2: 194-201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmhg.2005.04.010"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) DeLucia MC, Mitnick ME, Carpenter TO. 2003. Nutritional rickets with normal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a call for reexamining the role of dietary calcium intake in North American infants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88: 3539-3545.","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021935"},{"key":"44","unstructured":"44) Wang TJ, Zhang F, Richards JB, Kestenbaum B, Van Meurs JB, Berry D, Kiel DP, Streeten EA, Ohlsson C, Koller DL. 2010. Common genetic determinants of vitamin D insufficiency: a genome-wide association study. Lancet 376: 180-188."}],"container-title":["Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnsv\/63\/5\/63_284\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T13:35:24Z","timestamp":1570455324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnsv\/63\/5\/63_284\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3177\/jnsv.63.284","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4800","1881-7742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4800","type":"print"},{"value":"1881-7742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}