{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T01:20:32Z","timestamp":1793841632883,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Center for Academic Publications Japan","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nutr Sci Vitaminol","JNSV","Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vitaminol","Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.71.507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T22:09:12Z","timestamp":1767132552000},"page":"507-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Individualized Nutritional Rehabilitation Improves Muscle Strength, Cognitive Function, and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia and Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Zhi","family":"CHEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangshan First People\u2019s Hospital Medical and Health Group-The Rehabilitation Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"QiaoYi","family":"HU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangshan First People\u2019s Hospital Medical and Health Group-The Rehabilitation Department"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1759","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1) Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyere O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M, Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. 2019. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing 48: 601.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz046"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2) Landi F, Liperoti R, Russo A, Giovannini S, Tosato M, Capoluongo E, Bernabei R, Onder G. 2012. Sarcopenia as a risk factor for falls in elderly individuals: results from the ilSIRENTE study. Clin Nutr 31: 652-658.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2012.02.007"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3) Robinson SM, Reginster JY, Rizzoli R, Shaw SC, Kanis JA, Bautmans I, Bischoff-Ferrari H, Bruyere O, Cesari M, Dawson-Hughes B, Fielding RA, Kaufman JM, Landi F, Malafarina V, Rolland Y, van Loon LJ, Vellas B, Visser M, Cooper C, ESCEO Working Group. 2018. Does nutrition play a role in the prevention and management of sarcopenia? Clin Nutr 37: 1121-1132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.08.016"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"4) Chang KV, Hsu TH, Wu WT, Huang KC, Han DS. 2016. Association between sarcopenia and cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc 17: 1164 e7-e15.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.09.013"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5) Smith AD, Refsum H, Bottiglieri T, Fenech M, Hooshmand B, McCaddon A, Miller JW, Rosenberg IH, Obeid R. 2018. Homocysteine and dementia: An international consensus statement. J Alzheimers Dis 62: 561-570.","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-171042"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6) Deutz NE, Bauer JM, Barazzoni R, Biolo G, Boirie Y, Bosy-Westphal A, Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft A, Krznaric Z, Nair KS, Singer P, Teta D, Tipton K, Calder PC. 2014. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group. Clin Nutr 33: 929-936.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7) Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, Cesari M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Morley JE, Phillips S, Sieber C, Stehle P, Teta D, Visvanathan R, Volpi E, Boirie Y. 2013. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14: 542-559.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8) Bischoff SC, Singer P, Koller M, Barazzoni R, Cederholm T, van Gossum A. 2015. Standard operating procedures for ESPEN guidelines and consensus papers. Clin Nutr 34: 1043-1051.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.07.008"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9) Martone AM, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Picca A, Tosato M, Santoro L, Di Giorgio A, Nesci A, Sisto A, Santoliquido A, Landi F. 2017. Exercise and protein intake: A synergistic approach against sarcopenia. Biomed Res Int 2017: 2672435.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2672435"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10) Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung TW, Chou MY, Iijima K, Jang HC, Kang L, Kim M, Kim S, Kojima T, Kuzuya M, Lee JSW, Lee SY, Lee WJ, Lee Y, Liang CK, Lim JY, Lim WS, Peng LN, Sugimoto K, Tanaka T, Won CW, Yamada M, Zhang T, Akishita M, Arai H. 2020. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc 21: 300-307.e2.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2019.12.012"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11) Molhemi F, Monjezi S, Mehravar M, Shaterzadeh-Yazdi MJ, Salehi R, Hesam S, Mohammadianinejad E. 2021. Effects of virtual reality vs conventional balance training on balance and falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 102: 290-299.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.09.395"},{"key":"12","unstructured":"12) Chinese Nutrition Society. 2016. Chinese Dietary Guidelines. People\u2019s Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China."},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13) Devries MC, Phillips SM. 2015. Supplemental protein in support of muscle mass and health: advantage whey. J Food Sci 80 (Suppl 1): A8-A15.","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.12802"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14) Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, Scherr PA, Wallace RB. 1994. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. J Gerontol 49: M85-M94.","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.M85"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15) Berg K, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Gayton D.  1989. Berg Balance Scale. PsycTESTS Dataset: American Psychological Association (APA).","DOI":"10.1037\/t28729-000"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16) Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, Jackson BA, Jaffe MW. 1963. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: A standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 185: 914-919.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17) Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H. 2005. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53: 695-699.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18) ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. 2002. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166: 111-117.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19) Erdogan T, Eris S, Avci S, Oren MM, Kucukdagli P, Kilic C, Beaudart C, Bruyere O, Karan MA, Bahat G. 2021. Sarcopenia quality-of-life questionnaire (SarQoL)(R): translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation in Turkish. Aging Clin Exp Res 33: 2979-2988.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-020-01780-0"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20) Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Sayer AA. 2019. Sarcopenia. Lancet 393: 2636-2646.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21) Beaudart C, Zaaria M, Pasleau F, Reginster JY, Bruyere O. 2017. Health outcomes of sarcopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 12: e0169548.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169548"},{"key":"22","unstructured":"22) United Nations. 2020. World Population Ageing 2019."},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23) Mankhong S, Kim S, Moon S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Kang JH. 2020. Experimental models of sarcopenia: Bridging molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy. Cells 9: 1385.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061385"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24) Gungor O, Ulu S, Hasbal NB, Anker SD, Kalantar-Zadeh K. 2021. Effects of hormonal changes on sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: where are we now and what can we do? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 12: 1380-1392.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12839"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25) Wilkinson TJ, Miksza J, Yates T, Lightfoot CJ, Baker LA, Watson EL, Zaccardi F, Smith AC. 2021. Association of sarcopenia with mortality and end-stage renal disease in those with chronic kidney disease: a UK Biobank study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 12: 586-598.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12705"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26) Shafiee G, Keshtkar A, Soltani A, Ahadi Z, Larijani B, Heshmat R. 2017. Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 16: 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-017-0302-x"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27) Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. 2022. Multifactorial mechanism of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Role of physical exercise, microbiota and myokines. Cells 11: 160.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010160"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28) Basualto-Alarcon C, Jorquera G, Altamirano F, Jaimovich E, Estrada M. 2013. Testosterone signals through mTOR and androgen receptor to induce muscle hypertrophy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 45: 1712-1720.","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31828cf5f3"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29) Short KR, Bigelow ML, Kahl J, Singh R, Coenen-Schimke J, Raghavakaimal S, Nair KS. 2005. Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function with aging in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 5618-5623.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501559102"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30) Wall BT, Gorissen SH, Pennings B, Koopman R, Groen BB, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJ. 2015. Aging is accompanied by a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion. PLoS One 10: e0140903.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140903"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"31) Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Landi F, Schneider SM, Zuniga C, Arai H, Boirie Y, Chen LK, Fielding RA, Martin FC, Michel JP, Sieber C, Stout JR, Studenski SA, Vellas B, Woo J, Zamboni M, Cederholm T. 2014. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS). Age Ageing 43: 748-759.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afu115"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"32) Silay K, Selvi Oztorun H. 2025. Sarcopenic obesity is linked to worse clinical outcomes than sarcopenia or obesity alone in hospitalized older adults. BMC Geriatr 25: 443.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-025-06105-2"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"33) Meng S, He X, Fu X, Zhang X, Tong M, Li W, Zhang W, Shi X, Liu K. 2024. The prevalence of sarcopenia and risk factors in the older adult in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 12: 1415398.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1415398"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"34) Deutz NEP, Ashurst I, Ballesteros MD, Bear DE, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Genton L, Landi F, Laviano A, Norman K, Prado CM. 2019. The underappreciated role of low muscle mass in the management of malnutrition. J Am Med Dir Assoc 20: 22-27.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2018.11.021"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"35) Bhasin S, Travison TG, Manini TM, Patel S, Pencina KM, Fielding RA, Magaziner JM, Newman AB, Kiel DP, Cooper C, Guralnik JM, Cauley JA, Arai H, Clark BC, Landi F, Schaap LA, Pereira SL, Rooks D, Woo J, Woodhouse LJ, Binder E, Brown T, Shardell M, Xue QL, D\u2019Agostino RB Sr, Orwig D, Gorsicki G, Correa-De-Araujo R, Cawthon PM. 2020. Sarcopenia definition: The position statements of the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium. J Am Geriatr Soc 68: 1410-1418.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16372"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"36) De Giuseppe R, Tomasinelli CE, Vincenti A, Di Napoli I, Negro M, Cena H. 2022. Sarcopenia and homocysteine: is there a possible association in the elderly? A narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 35: 98-111.","DOI":"10.1017\/S095442242100010X"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"37) Colado JC, Garcia-Masso X, Pellicer M, Alakhdar Y, Benavent J, Cabeza-Ruiz R. 2010. A comparison of elastic tubing and isotonic resistance exercises. Int J Sports Med 31: 810-817.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262808"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"38) Morton RW, Murphy KT, McKellar SR, Schoenfeld BJ, Henselmans M, Helms E, Aragon AA, Devries MC, Banfield L, Krieger JW, Phillips SM. 2018. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of protein supplementation on resistance training-induced gains in muscle mass and strength in healthy adults. Br J Sports Med 52: 376-384.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097608"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"39) Nishikawa H, Fukunishi S, Asai A, Yokohama K, Nishiguchi S, Higuchi K. 2021. Pathophysiology and mechanisms of primary sarcopenia (Review). Int J Mol Med 48: 156.","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4989"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"40) Perkisas S, Bastijns S, Baudry S, Bauer J, Beaudart C, Beckwee D, Cruz-Jentoft A, Gasowski J, Hobbelen H, Jager-Wittenaar H, Kasiukiewicz A, Landi F, Malek M, Marco E, Martone AM, de Miguel AM, Piotrowicz K, Sanchez E, Sanchez-Rodriguez D, Scafoglieri A, Vandewoude M, Verhoeven V, Wojszel ZB, De Cock AM. 2021. Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update. Eur Geriatr Med 12: 45-59.","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-020-00433-9"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"41) Peixoto da Silva S, Santos JMO, Costa ESMP, Gil da Costa RM, Medeiros R. 2020. Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 11: 619-635.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12528"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"42) Harvey NC, Orwoll E, Kwok T, Karlsson MK, Rosengren BE, Ribom E, Cauley JA, Cawthon PM, Ensrud K, Liu E, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Fielding RA, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Lorentzon M, Ohlsson C, Mellstrom D, Johansson H, McCloskey E. 2021. Sarcopenia definitions as predictors of fracture risk independent of FRAX<sup>\u00ae<\/sup>, falls, and BMD in the osteoporotic fractures in men (MrOS) study: A meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res 36: 1235-1244.","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4293"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"43) Ball HA, McWhirter L, Ballard C, Bhome R, Blackburn DJ, Edwards MJ, Fleming SM, Fox NC, Howard R, Huntley J, Isaacs JD, Larner AJ, Nicholson TR, Pennington CM, Poole N, Price G, Price JP, Reuber M, Ritchie C, Rossor MN, Schott JM, Teodoro T, Venneri A, Stone J, Carson AJ. 2020. Functional cognitive disorder: dementia\u2019s blind spot. Brain 143: 2895-2903.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa224"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"44) Phillips SM, Tang JE, Moore DR. 2009. The role of milk-and soy-based protein in support of muscle protein synthesis and muscle protein accretion in young and elderly persons. J Am Coll Nutr 28: 343-354.","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2009.10718096"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"45) Moore DR, Churchward-Venne TA, Witard O, Breen L, Burd NA, Tipton KD, Phillips SM. 2015. Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 70: 57-62.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu103"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"46) Li Z, Cui M, Yu K, Zhang XW, Li CW, Nie XD, Wang F. 2021. Effects of nutrition supplementation and physical exercise on muscle mass, muscle strength and fat mass among sarcopenic elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 46: 494-500.","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0643"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"47) Beeri MS, Leugrans SE, Delbono O, Bennett DA, Buchman AS. 2021. Sarcopenia is associated with incident Alzheimer\u2019s dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline. J Am Geriatr Soc 69: 1826-1835.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17206"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"48) Smith GI, Julliand S, Reeds DN, Sinacore DR, Klein S, Mittendorfer B. 2015. Fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA therapy increases muscle mass and function in healthy older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 102: 115-122.","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.105833"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"49) Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. 2012. Sarcopenia and age-related endocrine function. Int J Endocrinol 2012: 127362.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/127362"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"50) Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Romero-Yuste S, Chamizo Carmona E, Nolla JM. 2021. Sarcopenia, immune-mediated rheumatic diseases, and nutritional interventions. Aging Clin Exp Res 33: 2929-2939.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-021-01800-7"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnsv\/71\/6\/71_507\/_pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T03:39:19Z","timestamp":1767411559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.jstage.jst.go.jp\/article\/jnsv\/71\/6\/71_507\/_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3177\/jnsv.71.507","relation":{},"ISSN":["0301-4800","1881-7742"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0301-4800","type":"print"},{"value":"1881-7742","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]]}}}